Surfactant Protein B Detection and Gene Expression in Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Abstract

This is the first study to detect and characterize SP-B in human sinus mucosa. Furthermore, SP-B is significantly up-regulated in CF CRS.

Surfactant Proteins A, B, C and D in the Human Nasal Airway: Associated with Mucosal Glands and Ciliated Epithelium but Absent in Fluid-Phase Secretions and Mucus

“…In relation to the nasal upper airways, a few studies found expression and localization of SP-A, -B and -D in human nasal epithelium [4,17,18], and, very recently, Schicht et al [12] have confirmed and extended these studies by finding that SP-C was also associated with nasal epithelium. All 4 proteins show more or less the same pattern of localization with prominent immunoreactivity associated with submucosal glands, being more specific within the serous acini but less so within the mucous acini.…”

“…Less prominent immunoreactivity was also observed with ciliated cells of the surface nasal epithelium but not with goblet cells. By using RT-PCR, it has also been shown that the synthesis of SP-A, -B, -C and -D occurs locally [4,12,17,33,34]. Although all these publications confirm the presence and production of SP-A, -B, -C and -D in nasal tissue, previously published studies did not focus on the detection of SPs in nasal lavage and mucus.…”

“…Indeed, previous studies have demonstrated an upregulation of SP-A in chronic rhinosinusitis and in the nasal mucosa of patients with allergy [15,16]. Additionally, Woodworth et al [17,18] demonstrated an upregulation of SP-A, -B and -D in chronic rhinosinusitis patients with cystic fibrosis. Extrapulmonary SP-B and SP-C are considered to have surface-active properties similar to those in the lung.…”

Eosinophil-Associated Lung Diseases. A Cry for Surfactant Proteins A and D Help?

“…Indeed, early studies using liposomes, which consist of phospholipids that make up 75% of the nasal surfactant layer, have been found to be comparable to cromoglycolate therapy in the treatment of patients with AR (87). In patients with chronic rhinosinusitis associated with cystic fibrosis, expression of SP-A, SP-B, and SP-D is also increased (88,89).…”

Cystic Fibrosis Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Comprehensive Review

“…Other innate defense proteins such as surfactant protein (SP) A, SP-B, and SP-D are also upregulated in CF. [31][32][33][34] Other molecular differences between CF and non CF polyps include a significantly higher level of lipoxin A 4 and slightly elevated cyclooxygenase 2 in CF polyps. 35 Onset of bacterial infection and colonization in CF CRS may instigate inflammatory pathways with Toll-like receptors recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns with production of these antimicrobial peptides.…”