Surfactant Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate Improves the Efficiency and Stability of Air‐Processed Perovskite Solar Cells with Negligible Hysteresis

Abstract

The device performance of organic–inorganic hybrid halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is highly dependent on the quality of perovskite layer. Herein, a multifunctional chemical additive strategy is reported to simultaneously improve the efficiency and stability of fully air‐processed PSCs. The planner methylammonium lead trihalide (MAPbI3)‐based PSCs incorporating sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) exhibit a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.20% and negligible hysteresis, which is one of the top efficiencies of MAPbI3‐based PSCs made in air. The increased efficiency is due to the reduction of defects and inhibition of ion migration in the perovskite films. Furthermore, the enhancement of device performance and stability can also be ascribed to highly preferred and efficient perovskite crystals protecting the perovskite films from humidity. The corresponding unencapsulated device retains 92.34% of its initial efficiency after 90 days (>2100 h) storage in air and maintains 85.20% of its original PCE after being exposed to 85 °C for 27 h. The results indicate that SDBS is a promising chemical additive to enhance the performance of air‐processed PSCs for future applications.

Defect Healing in FAPb(I1‐xBrx)3 Perovskites: Multifunctional Fluorinated Sulfonate Surfactant Anchoring Enables >21% Modules with Improved Operation Stability

“…This could be attributed to the effect of defect passivation and electron donation (from the oxygen of the SO 3 – group). [ 59,60 ] Figure S6 of the Supporting Information shows the I 3d XPS spectra, where the 3d5/2 and the 3d3/2 peaks are located at 618.95 and 630.43 eV for the reference sample, which is attributed to the Pb–I chemical species. The HFSTT‐modified sample shifts the doublet to lower binding energies at 618.55 and 630.03 eV.…”

Zwitterion-Assisted Crystal Growth of 2D Perovskites with Unfavorable Phase Suppression for High-Performance Solar Cells

“…The ZW-treated device shows a negligible hysteresis with a hysteresis index (HI = (PCE Reverse – PCE Foward )/PCE Reverse ) of 1%, which is lower than that of the control device (6%) . Here, the alleviation of hysteresis effect is mainly ascribed to the balanced charge extraction and efficient defect passivation within perovskite assisted with ZW. , The reduced HI enables a stabilized photocurrent of 17.35 mA/cm 2 and a stabilized output power of 16.93% (Figure d). Notably, the device performance needs a period of light irradiation to reach the saturation output.…”

“…53 Here, the alleviation of hysteresis effect is mainly ascribed to the balanced charge extraction and efficient defect passivation within perovskite assisted with ZW. 49,53 The reduced HI enables a stabilized photocurrent of 17.35 mA/cm 2 and a stabilized output power of 16.93% (Figure 5d). Notably, the device performance needs a period of light irradiation to reach the saturation output.…”

“…The ZW-treated device shows a negligible hysteresis with a hysteresis index (HI = (PCE Reverse − PCE Foward )/PCE Reverse ) of 1%, which is lower than that of the control device (6%). 53 Here, the alleviation of hysteresis effect is mainly ascribed to the balanced charge extraction and efficient defect passivation within perovskite assisted with ZW. 49,53 The reduced HI enables a stabilized photocurrent of 17.35 mA/cm 2 and a stabilized output power of 16.93% (Figure 5d).…”

Simple Method of Dual Passivation with Efficiency Beyond 20% for Fabricating Perovskite Solar Cells in the Full Ambient Air

“…), which hinders the commercialization of PSCs. Although some progress has been obtained in the preparation of perovskite devices in the air condition, − most of the efficiency is still relatively lower compared with the fabrication in an inert gas environment . Therefore, to further improve the development and promote future commercial applications of PSCs, there is an urgent that needs to enhance the efficiency of PSCs manufacturing without the glovebox.…”