Surfactants in Klodnica River (Katowice, Poland). Part I. Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonates (LAS)

Abstract

Surfactants are a group of compounds with specific physico-chemical properties and therefore they are used in many spheres of human activity. Surface-active substances undergo various physico-chemical transformations, what enables their migration between different elements of the environment and may lead to its pollution. Selected anionic surfactants were determined in samples of water from the Klodnica river (25 samples) and bottom sediments (25 samples). In most samples the presence of anionic analytes was confirmed. The determined concentration levels were in the range of up to 0.2105±0.0023 mg/dm3 or 0.207±0.010 μg/kg (surface water and bottom sediment samples, respectively). Comparing the concentrations of certain analytes found in liquid and solid environmental samples, it can be noticed that the surfactants containing a shorter alkyl chain in a molecule were present in higher concentrations in liquid samples (hydrophobicity increasing with the increasing length of the chain) and the other way round.

Surfactants in Klodnica River (Katowice, Poland). Part II. Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

“…1). Detailed information about sampling sites is presented in the first part of the publication [17,18]. Table 3 contains detailed information about selected analytes from the surfactants group, like molar masses, chemical structure and data about toxicity of the determined compounds.…”

Application of Multivariate Data Analysis to Sediments Data from the Kłodnica River (Upper Silesia, Poland)

“…Especially in the upper course reaches of Kłodnica River and its tributaries spread over densely populated and industrial areas of Upper Silesian Industrial Region. This region is at the center of the strong investigation by many groups of researches from many years [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. The upper Kłodnica river flows through the densely populated industrial areas of the Upper Silesian Industrial District, collecting municipal and industrial sewage from Katowice, Ruda Śląska, Bytom, Zabrze and Gliwice.…”