Surfactants in water-borne paints

Hellgren, Ann-Charlotte; Weissenborn, Peter; Holmberg, Krister

doi:10.1016/s0300-9440(99)00013-2

Cited by 94 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…It is well known that when polymer films are cast from the latex solutions surfactant molecules in the latices migrate toward the interfaces during film formation, decreasing the film performances, in particular, for paints and other protective coatings [11][12][13]. In this context, the disappearance of ionic species in the present polymers recovered by hydrolysis would modify the surface properties of the cast films.…”

Section: Surface Properties Of Polymer Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of surfactant-free vinyl polymers by conventional emulsion polymerization using hydrolysable emulsifiers

et al. 2011

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Emulsion polymerizations of several vinyl monomers, styrene, methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, and vinyl acetate, in water using alkali-hydrolysable cationic surfactants with a betaine ester group, (1-alkoxycarbonylmethyl)trimethylammonium chlorides, as emulsifiers were carried out and properties of the resulting latices and the polymers recovered by hydrolysis and salting out were investigated. There were little influences of the surfactants and monomers used here on the polymerizations, forming stable and monodisperse latices with a mean diameter of ca. 70 nm and giving a high molecular weight of polymers at high yields. All polymers were precipitated and recovered by adding a small amount of sodium hydroxide into the latex solutions contained little amount of ionic species. Solvent-cast films of the polymers were found to have surfaces as hydrophobic as those for the corresponding pure polymers prepared by bulk polymerization.

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Section: Surface Properties Of Polymer Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of surfactant-free vinyl polymers by conventional emulsion polymerization using hydrolysable emulsifiers

et al. 2011

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“…Thus, the processing wastewater composition often varies considerably, also in terms of its quantities [1][2][3]. Typical components of the contamination load are the ingredients of parent paints, eg filling substances such as chalks (with major components: CaCO 3 and MgCO 3 ), barite (containing mainly BaSO 4 ), talk (containing mainly magnesium hydroxysilicate Mg 3 (OH) 2 Si 4 O 10 ), kaolin (containing mainly kaolinite -alkaline aluminium silicate (Al 4 [Si 4 O 10 ](OH) 8 ) and fused quartz and mica), silica (mainly SiO 2 ), mica (mainly alkaline aluminates such as: AB 2-3 (OH,F) 2 (Si,Al 4 O 10 ), where: A -mainly potassium, sodium and calcium, whereas Bmainly iron, magnesium, manganese, lithium and aluminium), titanium white (containing mainly TiO 2 ), siccatives, pigments, thickeners and surfactants, as well as defoaming agents [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Technological effluents generally contain significant concentrations of colloids and suspensions of a different degree of dispersion fastness, which is also a function of quantity and type of cross-linking agents added to semi-finished products, such as polyalcohols, polyurethanes, phenol-formaldehyde resins, urea-formaldehyde resins, amine-formaldehyde resins etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on physico-chemical pretreatment of wastewater from the production of wood coating materials

Żak

Rauckyte-Żak

Laurinavičius

et al. 2014

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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This paper presents the results of the research conducted on the installation designed for physico-chemical pretreatment of technological wastewater in the volume of up to 5.0 m 3 /day discharged from the production of protective and decorative coating materials used for wooden surfaces. The subject-matter installation constructed on a mobile pallet, consisted of a storage-averaging tank where concentrations were equalised with the use of circulation aeration and mixing. A variant, preliminary pre-oxidation with the use of hydrogen peroxide was conducted in this tank. A substantial installation set for the wastewater treatment plant consisted of two preliminary tube reactors, one cylindrical-conical processing reactor, stations for preparing and dispensing reagents and the sediment dewatering station. Considerable reductions in main chemical indicators of water pollution were obtained in the installation: both total suspended solids (TSS) and ether extract (EE) -more than 98%, chemical oxygen demand (COD) -46-54%, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) -39-46%, and free formaldehyde (HCHO) -14-27% due to the use of pre-oxidation and the acid -alkaine double coagulation by applying the ALCAT 105 -SAX 25 system. The use of pre-oxidation with hydrogen peroxide in doses 250.0-450.0 mg/l and then two-stage coagulation resulted in an increase in the reduction of: COD and BOD5 by ca 10-15%, and HCHO by ca 58-66% with reference to the water pretreatment without pre-oxidation. The assessment of sediments formed during the process of pretreatment was made determining the leachable forms of metals (Cu, Ni and Ti) according to methodology of TCLP in compliance with the US EPA Method 1311.

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“…The purpose of the initial ageing period was to ensure adequate coalescence of the paint binder, evaporation of volatile additives, and migration of surfactants [23][24][25][26][27]. Additional films of 27-year-old artists acrylic paints prepared by Mecklenburg [17] were included as a subset of the materials.…”

Section: Sample Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of strain rate and temperature on commercial acrylic artist paints aged one year to decades

Hagan¹,

Charalambides

Young

et al. 2015

Appl. Phys. A

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Acrylic artist paints are viscoelastic composites containing a high molecular-weight copolymer, pigment and a variety of additives. The glass transition temperature of the latex binder is typically slightly below ambient conditions, giving mechanical properties that are strongly dependent on strain rate and temperature. In previous work, the viscoelastic behaviour of custom-formulated latex artist paints was reported for films with known volume fractions of pigment using data from uniaxial tensile tests at different strain rates and temperatures. Secant Young's modulus and failure strain mastercurves were constructed for each film through time-temperature superposition (TTS), allowing predictions beyond the experimental timescale at a selected reference temperature. A similar analysis is now presented for a small set of commercial artist paints tested at ages of one year and 27 years. Experimental shift factor values are reported with fits to the Arrhenius, WLF and Vogel Fulcher (VF) equations, along with a comparison to published data for acrylic polymers. The tensile results highlight a spectrum of properties that acrylic paints may exhibit-brittle glass to hyperelastic-depending on the conditions during deformation. Strong similarities are shown between products from different manufacturers, and the findings suggest a high degree of stability with age. A method for predicting failure as a function of strain rate and temperature is also presented, and the methodology gives a framework for investigating other artist materials and the factors influencing their mechanical properties.

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Surfactants in water-borne paints

Cited by 94 publications

References 22 publications

Preparation of surfactant-free vinyl polymers by conventional emulsion polymerization using hydrolysable emulsifiers

Preparation of surfactant-free vinyl polymers by conventional emulsion polymerization using hydrolysable emulsifiers

Research on physico-chemical pretreatment of wastewater from the production of wood coating materials

The effects of strain rate and temperature on commercial acrylic artist paints aged one year to decades

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