Surfactants

Begum, Farzana; Xu, Liangchen; Amin, Samiul

doi:10.1002/0471238961.1921180612251414.a01.pub4

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The sample that produces the highest viscosity profile, with strong shear thinning behaviour is the binary surfactant system 7.5 wt.% AOS and 7.5 wt.% Sultaine. This high viscosity flow curve resembles the flow curve of a SLES and CapB mixture, a system that contains entangled wormlike micelles due to the synergistic effects of SLES and CapB [5]. This similarity indicates the presence of wormlike micelles forming in this system as well, potentially being driven by the synergistic effects of AOS and Sultaine exhibited in the surface tension data.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

“…While these properties are ideal, consumers called for a more gentle, greener alternative because sulphates have a public perception that are viewed as harsh, leading to drying out of the hair and skin, along with other unfavourable views [3]. It is a major advantage for surfactants to be sulphate‐free and more natural, but a challenge arises in their ability to produce decent results in a variety of parameter studies, such as surface tension, foaming and rheology [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given this challenge, there are two potential routes to introduce sulphate‐free sustainable surfactant alternatives: biosurfactants and biobased surfactants. Biosurfactants, such as sophorolipid and rhamnolipids, are synthesized from microorganisms [5–8]. Drakontis highlights various aspects of biosurfactant applications and properties critical to performance [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rheology is used to measure the viscosity of surfactant systems at different shear rates, which then correspond to different steps of the product life from storage, to removal from its container, to application [5,23,24]. Rheology is also used to measure both the loss and storage modulus at different frequencies to help predict if there are wormlike micelles present in the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viscoelastic properties were also analysed for C 12‐14 G x /water solution with a concentration of 4.5 wt.% [25]. As previously mentioned, sulphates produce desirable systems individually, and then are enhanced with the addition of zwitterionic surfactants [4,5]. The objective in this study is to determine a viable combination, using AOS, APG and lauryl hydroxysultaine (Sultaine), that can give rise to synergistic actions resulting in optimal surface tension measurements, foaming and rheological properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High‐performance sulphate‐free cleansers: Surface activity, foaming and rheology

Yorke

Potanin

Jogun

et al. 2021

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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Objective The main objective of this paper is to analyse the composition of a sulphate‐free binary or ternary surfactant system with alkyl olefin sulfonate (AOS), alkyl polyglucoside (APG) and lauryl hydroxysultaine (Sultaine). The composition was optimized by observing critical parameters such as surface activity and rheological properties while varying the concentration of APG in a ternary system, varying the ratio of AOS and Sultaine in a binary system and studying the effect of sodium chloride addition. The experimental results can provide an alternative, sulphate‐free surfactant system to replace the common system containing sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) and cocamidopropyl betaine (CapB), without compromising on the parameters previously mentioned. Methods A DuNouy Ring was utilized on a tensiometer to measure the surface tension of the samples. To observe foaming abilities of samples, a visual foaming study was conducted and recorded by taking pictures. A TA instruments mechanical rheometer was used to measure the viscosity. Results Studying the effect of APG concentration on surface tension illustrated that as APG concentration decreases, surface tension decreases as well. The minimum surface tension was found to be 26.587 for 7.5 wt.% AOS and 7.5 wt.% Sultaine. When the ratio between AOS and Sultaine changed, the 1:1 system produced the lowest surface tension value again. As the concentration of AOS decreased in the ratio, the surface tension increased. When the ratio was held constant, and APG was introduced into the system, the systems containing APG had higher surface tension values compared with the systems with the same ratios but did not have APG added. As the concentration of salt increased, the surface tension decreased for AOS, increased for the binary mixture and had no effect on Sultaine. Foaming has a direct correlation with surface tension so a decrease in surface tension led to better foaming abilities; therefore, the 1:1 ratio of AOS:Sultaine had the best foaming qualities. The AOS/Sultaine system exhibited Maxwellian behaviour, suggesting the presence of worm‐like micellar structures. As the concentration of APG increased, the viscosity decreased and at a concentration of 2.5 wt.% AOS, 5 wt.% APG and 7.5 wt.% Sultaine, the system changed from shear thinning non‐Newtonian fluid to Newtonian. Varying the ratio of AOS:Sultaine in the binary system, showed as the ratio changed, the viscosity decreased, and at a ratio of 1:3 AOS:Sultaine, the system was primarily Newtonian. As the ratio remained constant and APG was added, the viscosity continued to decrease and the 1:3 ratio was completely Newtonian. The addition of salt had no effect on the viscosity of Sultaine, but the viscosity of AOS increased at a salt concentration of 2 wt.%. The binary mixture saw as the concentration of salt increased, the viscosity profile decreased, even though the system remained non‐Newtonian and shear thinning. Conclusion The surface activity and rheological study of the sulfate‐free surfactant systems u...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

High‐performance sulphate‐free cleansers: Surface activity, foaming and rheology

Yorke

Potanin

Jogun

et al. 2021

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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From Lactose to Alkyl Galactoside Fatty Acid Esters as Non‐Ionic Biosurfactants: A Two‐Step Enzymatic Approach to Cheese Whey Valorization

et al. 2023

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A library of alkyl galactosides was synthesized to provide the “polar head” of sugar fatty acid esters to be tested as non‐ionic surfactants. The enzymatic transglycosylation of lactose resulted in alkyl β‐D‐galactopyranosides, whereas the Fischer glycosylation of galactose afforded isomeric mixtures of α‐ and β‐galactopyranosides and α‐ and β‐galactofuranosides. n‐Butyl galactosides from either routes were enzymatically esterified with palmitic acid, used as the fatty acid “tail” of the surfactant, giving the corresponding n‐butyl 6‐O‐palmitoyl‐galactosides. Measurements of interfacial tension and emulsifying properties of n‐butyl 6‐O‐palmitoyl‐galactosides revealed that the esters of galactopyranosides are superior to those of galactofuranosides, and that the enantiopure n‐butyl 6‐O‐palmitoyl‐β‐D‐galactoside, prepared by the fully enzymatic route, leads to the most stable emulsion. These results pave the way to the use of lactose‐rich cheese whey as raw material for the obtainment of bio‐based surfactants.

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Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Enzymatic Synthesis of Sugar Esters: A Generalizable Strategy?

Semproli

Chanquia

Bittner

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Sugar (fatty acid) esters are industrially relevant compounds, with a cumbersome production process due to the solubility issues of the substrates, which forces the use of environmentally unfriendly reaction media. Herein, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are considered as a promising solution: several literature examples use glucose and different acyl donors to illustrate the efficient synthesis of sugar esters in classic DESs like choline chloride/urea (ChCl/U). However, this paper discloses that when sugars like lactose or other disaccharides are used, enzymes cannot efficiently perform (trans)esterifications in DESs, while the same reaction can proceed in mixtures like pyridine/ tetrahydrofuran (Py/THF). This could be explained by computational solubility studies and molecular dynamics simulations of both reaction media, showing two effects: (i) on the one hand, large acyl donors (more than C10) display poor solubility in DESs and (ii) on the other hand, disaccharides interact with DES components. Thus, the DES affects the conformation of lactose (compared to the conformation observed in the Py/THF mixture), in such a way that the enzymatic reaction results impaired. Despite that classic DESs (e.g., ChCl/U) may not be useful for generalizing their use in saccharide ester syntheses, the achieved theoretical understanding of the reaction may enable the design of future DESs that can combine enzyme compatibility with ecofriendliness and efficiency in sugar chemistry.

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Surfactants

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

High‐performance sulphate‐free cleansers: Surface activity, foaming and rheology

High‐performance sulphate‐free cleansers: Surface activity, foaming and rheology

From Lactose to Alkyl Galactoside Fatty Acid Esters as Non‐Ionic Biosurfactants: A Two‐Step Enzymatic Approach to Cheese Whey Valorization

Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Enzymatic Synthesis of Sugar Esters: A Generalizable Strategy?

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