Surficial geologic map of the northern sheet, New Jersey

Stone, Byron D.; Stanford, Scott D.; Witte, Ron W.

doi:10.3133/ofr95543b

Cited by 8 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…These estimates were based on extrapolated sedimentation rates below intervals dated with 14 C ages of bulk sediment. Stone et al [2002] infer the Rahway till deposition in northern New Jersey to be between 26 and 17.8 14 C kyr (29–20 cal. kyr), based upon few bulk dates such as Francis Lake, NJ [ Cotter et al , 1986].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Delayed deglaciation or extreme Arctic conditions 21‐16 cal. kyr at southeastern Laurentide Ice Sheet margin?

Peteet

Beh

Orr

et al. 2012

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] The conventionally accepted ages of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) retreat of the southeastern Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) are 26-21 cal. kyr (derived from bulk-sediment radiocarbon ages) and 28-23 cal. kyr (varve estimates). Utilizing accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14 C dating of earliest macrofossils in 13 lake/bog inorganic clays, we find that vegetation first appeared on the landscape at 16-15 cal. kyr, suggesting ice had not retreated until that time. The gap between previous age estimates and ours is significant and has large implications for our understanding of ocean-atmosphere linkages. Older ages imply extreme Arctic conditions for 9-5 cal kyr; a landscape with no ice, yet no deposition in lakes. Our new AMS chronology of LIS retreat is consistent with marine evidence of deglaciation from the N. Atlantic, showing significant freshwater input and sea level rise only after 19 cal kyr with a cold meltwater lid, perhaps delaying ice melt.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…kyr), which is 3–6 cal. kyr older than the legacy of older bulk ages from the region [ Connally and Sirkin , 1986; Stone et al , 2002], and is 8–12 cal. kyr older than our AMS chronology.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed deglaciation or extreme Arctic conditions 21‐16 cal. kyr at southeastern Laurentide Ice Sheet margin?

Peteet

Beh

Orr

et al. 2012

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…The Hudson–Pensauken river system could deliver glacial sediment to the shelf through the Early and Middle Pleistocene, although there is sedimentary evidence for only one pre‐late Wisconsinan glaciation in the Hudson basin. This evidence includes the Flanders and Bergen tills of New Jersey (Stone et al 2002) and the Montauk till of Long Island (Fuller 1914), which are preserved in erosional remnants beneath late Wisconsinan deposits. They crop out beyond the late Wisconsinan limit in western New Jersey but are eroded and covered by late Wisconsinan deposits in the New York City area and Long Island.…”

Section: Middle and Late Pleistocene Glaciation And Interglacial Depomentioning

confidence: 99%

Onshore record of Hudson River drainage to the continental shelf from the late Miocene through the late Wisconsinan deglaciation, USA: synthesis and revision

Stanford¹

2009

Boreas

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Stanford, S. D. 2009: Onshore record of Hudson River drainage to the continental shelf from the late Miocene through the late Wisconsinan deglaciation, USA: synthesis and revision. Boreas, 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2009.00106.x. ISSN 0300‐9483. Fluvial and glacial deposits in New Jersey, Long Island, and the Hudson valley provide a record of Hudson River drainage since the late Miocene. Late Miocene fluvial deposits record southerly flow across the emerged inner New Jersey shelf. In the late Miocene–early Pliocene this drainage incised, shifted southwesterly, and discharged to the shelf south of New Jersey. During late Pliocene or Early Pleistocene glaciation, discharge to the shelf in the New York City area was established. This drainage incised and stabilized in the Early and Middle Pleistocene and remained open during pre‐Wisconsinan (Oxygen Isotope Stage 6? (OIS‐6?)) and late Wisconsinan (OIS‐2) glacial advances. During late Wisconsinan retreat, moraine deposits dammed the valley at the Narrows to form Lake Albany. From 19 to 15.5 kyr BP (all dates in 14C yr), Hudson drainage was directed eastward into the Long Island Sound lowland. Drainage of Lake Wallkill into Lake Albany at 15.5 kyr BP breached the Narrows dam and initiated the unstable phase of Lake Albany, which was controlled by eroding spillways, first on the moraine dam, then on emerged lake‐bottom in the mid‐Hudson valley. Marine incursion between 12 and 11 kyr BP limited fluvial incision of the lake bottom, stabilizing the Quaker Springs, Coveville, and upper Fort Ann spillways. Lowering sea level between 11 and 10 kyr BP allowed incision from the upper to lower Fort Ann threshold. Sediment eroded by lake outflows between 15 and 10.5 kyr BP was trapped in the glacially deepened lower valley. Little inland sediment reached the shelf after 20 kyr BP.

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“…Byron Stone (U.S. Geological Survey, Groton, Conn.) presented a summary of extensive stratigraphic glacial evidence in the New York-New Jersey area, including tills, meltwater deposits, and glacial varves (which are laminated lake sediments which document the presence of glaciers and their seasonal freeze/thaw behavior) with associated carbon-14 ( 14 C) dating of concretions and bulk sediment. He also presented cosmogenic dates and uranium/thorium dating of phytoplankton [Stone et al, 2002]. Maximum ice extent occurred at 20,000-25,000 thousand years B.P., and Stone concluded that extreme climatic conditions must have lasted for thousands of years as the ice retreated, due to lack of datable organic materials.…”

Section: Eos Volume 87 Number 15 11 April 2006mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The meeting participants agreed that joint research on targeted morainal sites will provide robust deglaciation chronologies, thus enabling the measurement of the retreat speed of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Two recently published strategically important maps [Stone et al, 2002[Stone et al, , 2005 …”

Section: Future Research Questions and Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union Volume 87, Number 15, 11 April 2006

2006

EoS Transactions

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A land data assimilation system (LDAS) is designed to provide continental-scale estimates of surface moisture and temperature states-and water and energy flux exchanges with the atmosphere-by integrating micrometeorological forcing data (such as surface precipitation, incoming radiation, wind, air temperature, and humidity) with a land surface model. When measurements of land system states are available, data assimilation approaches can be used to optimally update model states based on the assumed magnitude of modeling and observational errors [e.g., Reichle and Koster, 2005].LDAS estimates have value for water, energy, and biogeochemical studies as well as for the initialization of land surface states, such as soil moisture and temperature, in numerical weather prediction or seasonal climate forecasts. To improve forecast performance, collaborative LDAS projects are currently under way for the North American (NLDAS; http://ldas. gsfc.nasa.gov), European (ELDAS; http://www. knmi.nl/samenw/eldas), and global (GLDAS; http://ldas.gsfc.nasa.gov) domains. Preliminary results demonstrate that the incorporation of LDAS approaches into subseasonal forecast initialization can lead to statistically significant improvements in precipitation predictability .However, the value of LDAS predictions is tempered by the impact of forcing data errors and structural limitations in land surface models. Reducing these errors and improving the value of LDAS estimates for forecast applications will likely require new global remote sensing measurements. Potential sources for providing such data include the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite constellation under development by NASA [Flaming, 2005] and currently unfunded satellite mission concepts focusing on the use of L-band radar and microwave radiometry to retrieve surface soil moisture [e.g., Entekhabi et al., 2003]. Exploiting the complementary nature of multiple types of water cycle measurements significantly enhances the accuracy of LDAS system outputs. LDAS Error SourcesLand surface models at the core of LDAS systems are used to make continuous estimates of land surface moisture and temperature states. Both parameterization (model structure) and forcing (model input) errors reduce the accuracy of these estimates. Correcting these errors requires the accurate continental-scale retrieval of both model state (e.g., soil moisture) and forcing (e.g., precipitation) variables.Structural uncertainty in land surface models manifests itself in highly variable estimates of soil moisture and evapotranspiration [Koster and Milly, 1997] among various land surface schemes, even when models are forced with the same precipitation and meteorological input data. Soil moisture measurements taken from space provide a valuable constraint for reducing this uncertainty. Examples include the use of remotely sensed soil moisture to calibrate model soil hydraulic parameters [Burke et al., 1997] and to compensate for a poor model parameterization by updating model states using data assimilati...

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Surficial geologic map of the northern sheet, New Jersey

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Delayed deglaciation or extreme Arctic conditions 21‐16 cal. kyr at southeastern Laurentide Ice Sheet margin?

Delayed deglaciation or extreme Arctic conditions 21‐16 cal. kyr at southeastern Laurentide Ice Sheet margin?

Onshore record of Hudson River drainage to the continental shelf from the late Miocene through the late Wisconsinan deglaciation, USA: synthesis and revision

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union Volume 87, Number 15, 11 April 2006

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