Surfing equipment and design: a scoping review

Romanin, Alexander; English, Samuel; Furness, James; Kemp‐Smith, Kevin; Newcomer, Sean C.; Nessler, Jeff A.

doi:10.1007/s12283-021-00358-x

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Equipment innovation aims to increase access to sport and improve performance [45], and it is necessary to understand the variables that affect performance before designing equipment. Once these variables are identified, equipment can be designed to modify them and achieve the desired outcomes [46].…”

Section: Sup Equipment Materials and Race Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review for Stand-up Paddle

Freitas,

Conceição,

Louro

et al. 2023

TOSSJ

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Background: The goal is to investigate how the length and height of passes impact a team's performance in national championships. A predictive model will be developed to analyse the success of different pass characteristics, including short, medium, and long length and ground, low, and high height. The model will be based on the points earned and will determine which combination of pass characteristics is most effective. Objective: Therefore, this systematic review aims to identify and synthesize the external and internal parameters commonly used to evaluate SUP performance under different test conditions. Methods: The search was conducted in multiple scientific databases (Google Scholar, MEDLINE/(PubMed), Science Direct, and Web of Science) and was completed on January 31, 2022, using the following keywords: “stand up paddle,” “stand up paddling”, and “stand up paddle boarding.” Results: Twenty-one articles were selected, involving a total of 238 subjects at both the competitive and recreational levels. SUP athletes have increased muscle mass, decreased body fat percentage, and used more efficient paddling techniques, highlighting the importance of equipment evaluation in improving athletic performance. Conclusion: More research is needed to improve the performance and expand the culture of SUP. The integration of specific technologies can help to understand better the variables that affect performance outcomes.

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Section: Sup Equipment Materials and Race Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review for Stand-up Paddle

Freitas,

Conceição,

Louro

et al. 2023

TOSSJ

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“…In the current surfing equipment market, most design decisions are based on subjective assessments or perceptions of a piece of equipment’s performance. Very little published evidence informs the design features and characteristics of surfing equipment 8 . However, previous studies have examined the perception of “feel” or performance of equipment in other sports such as golf 9 , skiing 10 , and tennis 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the relationship between surfing performance and fin design

Forsyth,

Barnsley,

Amirghasemi

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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This research aimed to determine whether accomplished surfers could accurately perceive how changes to surfboard fin design affected their surfing performance. Four different surfboard fins, including conventional, single-grooved, and double-grooved fins, were developed using computer-aided design combined with additive manufacturing (3D printing). We systematically installed these 3D-printed fins into instrumented surfboards, which six accomplished surfers rode on waves in the ocean in a random order while blinded to the fin condition. We quantified the surfers’ wave-riding performance during each surfing bout using a sport-specific tracking device embedded in each instrumented surfboard. After each fin condition, the surfers rated their perceptions of the Drive, Feel, Hold, Speed, Stiffness, and Turnability they experienced while performing turns using a visual analogue scale. Relationships between the surfer’s perceptions of the fins and their surfing performance data collected from the tracking devices were then examined. The results revealed that participants preferred the single-grooved fins for Speed and Feel, followed by double-grooved fins, commercially available fins, and conventional fins without grooves. Crucially, the surfers’ perceptions of their performance matched the objective data from the embedded sensors. Our findings demonstrate that accomplished surfers can perceive how changes to surfboard fins influence their surfing performance.

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“…While many high-performance sports are extremely data-rich, the contemporary sport of surfing lacks benchmark datasets for material performance. A review conducted in 2021 by Romanin et al revealed that only seventeen articles investigate surfing equipment, with only three focusing on the surfboard directly [ 14 ]. Both the novel nature of surf engineering and the relative oversight of the surfboard within this niche is surprising considering the global surfing industry was valued at USD 3.88 billion in 2020, with surfboard sales accounting for 68% of the revenue within surfing [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Investigation of the Mechanical Performance of EPS Foam Core Sandwich Composites Used in Surfboard Design

2023

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Surfboard manufacturing has begun to utilise Expanded Polystyrene as a core material; however, surf literature relatively ignores this material. This manuscript investigates the mechanical behaviour of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) sandwich composites. An epoxy resin matrix was used to manufacture ten sandwich-structured composite panels with varying fabric reinforcements (carbon fibre, glass fibre, PET) and two foam densities. The flexural, shear, fracture, and tensile properties were subsequently compared. Under common flexural loading, all composites failed via compression of the core, which is known in surfing terms as creasing. However, crack propagation tests indicated a sudden brittle failure in the E-glass and carbon fibre facings and progressive plastic deformation for the recycled polyethylene terephthalate facings. Testing showed that higher foam density increased the flex and fracture mechanical properties of composites. Overall, the plain weave carbon fibre presented the highest strength composite facing, while the single layer of E-glass was the lowest strength composite. Interestingly, the double-bias weave carbon fibre with a lower-density foam core presented similar stiffness behaviour to standard E-glass surfboard materials. The double-biased carbon also improved the flexural strength (+17%), material toughness (+107%), and fracture toughness (+156%) of the composite compared to E-glass. These findings indicate surfboard manufacturers can utilise this carbon weave pattern to produce surfboards with equal flex behaviour, lower weight and improved resistance to damage in regular loading.

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Surfing equipment and design: a scoping review

Cited by 9 publications

References 48 publications

A Systematic Review for Stand-up Paddle

A Systematic Review for Stand-up Paddle

Understanding the relationship between surfing performance and fin design

An Experimental Investigation of the Mechanical Performance of EPS Foam Core Sandwich Composites Used in Surfboard Design

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