Surge-Type Glaciers in the Tien Shan (Central Asia)

Mukherjee, Kriti; Bolch, Tobias; Goerlich, Franz; Kutuzov, Stanislav; Osmonov, Azamat; Pieczonka, Tino; Shesterova, I.

doi:10.1657/aaar0016-021

Cited by 52 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Aizen et al [10] describes the evolution of Besimjannij Glacier similar to our findings with a surge before 1940, a strong advance of 340 m until 1956 and a retreat of nearly the same distance until 2003. Kara-Say North showed similar surface structures as well and is mentioned by Mukherjee et al [7] as surge-type glacier but does not show significant surface difference patterns or length changes. Most of the 12 glaciers detected as surge-type [7] are situated in northwestern Ak-Shirak.…”

Section: Glaciersupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Kara-Say North showed similar surface structures as well and is mentioned by Mukherjee et al [7] as surge-type glacier but does not show significant surface difference patterns or length changes. Most of the 12 glaciers detected as surge-type [7] are situated in northwestern Ak-Shirak.…”

Section: Glaciersupporting

confidence: 75%

“…regions. The coefficient range must be that large to take surge-type glaciers into account, for which the Ak-Shirak massif is well-known [6,7]. Furthermore, we filtered both analysed periods with the same equation, which was only possible because the standard deviation difference (41 and 49) roughly represents the time difference.…”

Section: Data Gap/outlier Handlingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For characterising surge-type glaciers, we followed the criteria of Mukherjee et al [7] including the mean length and area changes, as well as surface typical features such as strongly crevassed surfaces. Kaindy Glacier showed a strong advance of its tongue between 1964 and 1973 of 325 ± 18 m followed by an additional slight advance of about 20 ± 18 m until 1980.…”

Section: Glaciermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Ak-Shirak massif (~40 × 40 km 2 ), located at the western margin of the Central Tian Shan (sometimes also considered Inner Tian Shan, Figure 1), was covered by more than 150 glaciers with an area of~380 km 2 in 1964 and showed the highest glacier mass loss in the Central Tian Shan [5]. In the Ak-Shirak area, which is also well known for surge-type glaciers [6,7], an important part of the accumulation process takes place in summer [8]. At the Tian Shan meteorological station (3614 m a.s.l.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glacier Mass Loss during the 1960s and 1970s in the Ak-Shirak Range (Kyrgyzstan) from Multiple Stereoscopic Corona and Hexagon Imagery

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Comprehensive research on glacier changes in the Tian Shan is available for the current decade; however, there is limited information about glacier investigations of previous decades and especially before the mid 1970s. The earliest stereo images from the Corona missions were acquired in the 1960s but existing studies dealing with these images focus on single glaciers or small areas only. We developed a workflow to generate digital terrain models (DTMs) and orthophotos from 1964 Corona KH-4 for an entire mountain range (Ak-Shirak) located in the Central Tian Shan. From these DTMs and orthoimages, we calculated geodetic mass balances and length changes in comparison to 1973 and 1980 Hexagon KH-9 data. We found mass budgets between −0.4 ± 0.1 m·w.e.a −1 (1964)(1965)(1966)(1967)(1968)(1969)(1970)(1971)(1972)(1973)(1974)(1975)(1976)(1977)(1978)(1979)(1980) and −0.9 ± 0.4 m·w.e.a −1 (1973)(1974)(1975)(1976)(1977)(1978)(1979)(1980) for the whole region and individual glaciers. The length changes, on the other hand, vary heterogeneously between +624 ± 18 m (+39.0 ± 1.1 m·a −1 ) and −923 ± 18 m (−57.7 ± 1.1 m·a −1 ) for [1964][1965][1966][1967][1968][1969][1970][1971][1972][1973][1974][1975][1976][1977][1978][1979][1980]. An automation of the processing line can successively lead to region-wide Corona data processing allowing the analysis and interpretation of glacier changes on a larger scale and supporting a refinement of glacier modelling.

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Section: Glaciersupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Glaciersupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Data Gap/outlier Handlingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Glaciermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glacier Mass Loss during the 1960s and 1970s in the Ak-Shirak Range (Kyrgyzstan) from Multiple Stereoscopic Corona and Hexagon Imagery

et al. 2017

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Occurrence, evolution and ice content of ice‐debris complexes in the Ak‐Shiirak, Central Tien Shan revealed by geophysical and remotely‐sensed investigations

Bolch

Rohrbach

Kutuzov

et al. 2018

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Rock glaciers and large ice‐debris complexes are common in many mountain ranges and are especially prominent in semi‐arid mountains such as the Andes or the Tien Shan. These features contain a significant amount of ice but their occurrence and evolution are not well known. Here, we present an inventory of the ice‐debris complexes for the Ak‐Shiirak, Tien Shan's second largest glacierised massif, and a holistic methodology to investigate two characteristic and large ice‐debris complexes in detail based on field investigations and remote sensing analysis using Sentinel‐1 SAR data, 1964 Corona and recent high resolution stereo images. Overall, we found 74 rock glaciers and ice‐debris complexes covering an area of 11.2 km2 (3.2% of the glacier coverage) with a mean elevation of about 3950 m asl. Most of the complexes are located south‐east of the main ridge of Ak‐Shiirak. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) measurements reveal high ice content with the occurrence of massif debris‐covered dead‐ice bodies in the parts within the Little Ice Age glacier extent. These parts showed significant surface lowering, in some places exceeding 20 m between 1964 and 2015. The periglacial parts are characterised by complex rock glaciers of different ages. These rock glaciers could be remnants of debris‐covered ice located in permafrost conditions. They show stable surface elevations with no or only very low surface movement. However, the characteristics of the fronts of most rock glacier parts indicate slight activity and elevation gains at the fronts slight advances. GPR data indicated less ice content and slanting layers which coincide with the ridges and furrows and could mainly be formed by glacier advances under permafrost conditions. Overall, the ice content is decreasing from the upper to the lower part of the ice‐debris complexes. Hence, these complexes, and especially the glacier‐affected parts, should be considered when assessing the hydrological impacts of climate change. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Manifestations of a glacier surge in central Himalaya using multi-temporal satellite data

Kumar,

Rana,

Mehta

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Surge-Type Glaciers in the Tien Shan (Central Asia)

Cited by 52 publications

References 60 publications

Glacier Mass Loss during the 1960s and 1970s in the Ak-Shirak Range (Kyrgyzstan) from Multiple Stereoscopic Corona and Hexagon Imagery

Glacier Mass Loss during the 1960s and 1970s in the Ak-Shirak Range (Kyrgyzstan) from Multiple Stereoscopic Corona and Hexagon Imagery

Occurrence, evolution and ice content of ice‐debris complexes in the Ak‐Shiirak, Central Tien Shan revealed by geophysical and remotely‐sensed investigations

Manifestations of a glacier surge in central Himalaya using multi-temporal satellite data

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