Surgery for necrotizing otitis externa—indications and surgical findings

Malignant otitis externa presenting cerebral infarction from pseudoaneurysm: A case report and a review of the literature

“…Extensive bone erosion requires CWU mastoidectomy and should be converted to CWD mastoidectomy in severe bone erosion of the posterior canal wall and when better exposure of the middle ear is required. 12 CWD mastoidectomy was conducted; however, facial nerve decompression was not performed because the horizontal portion of the facial nerve was surrounded by granulation in our case. The mechanisms by which the infection could reach the arterial lumen are possibly hematogenous seeding or invasion of the adventitia of the artery from surrounding infection.…”

Emerging themes in necrotising otitis externa: a scoping review of the literature from 2011 to 2020 and recommendations for future research

“…Several studies explored the role of other risk factors, including diabetes, immune modulating medication, haematological malignancy, previous radiotherapy, neoplasia and human immunodeficiency virus. 10,16,39…”

“…Twenty-five studies included explanations of how a diagnosis of necrotising otitis externa was made. Some used Cohen and colleagues' criteria 2 to identify cases, [15][16][17][18] which other authors considered to be outdated. Other studies described modifications of Cohen and colleagues' criteria.…”

Necrotising otitis externa antibiotic therapy complications: A retrospective cohort analysis

“…Treatment duration varies from 6 weeks to 3 months, dependent on individual risk factors 4 . Surgical debridement has limited benefit and serves primarily to obtain deep samples for microbiology in resistant cases, patients with severe complications or non‐responsive to medical therapy 5,6 …”

“…4 Surgical debridement has limited benefit and serves primarily to obtain deep samples for microbiology in resistant cases, patients with severe complications or nonresponsive to medical therapy. 5,6 There are no data on complications of antibiotic-related therapy of NOE. Anecdotally, patients are required to change antimicrobial therapy multiple times throughout treatment as a direct result of these complications.…”