Surgical anatomy of the styloid muscles and the extracranial glossopharyngeal nerve

Prades, Jean-Michel; Gavid, M.; Asanau, A.; Timoshenko, Andrei P.; Richard, Clément; Martin, Ch.

doi:10.1007/s00276-013-1162-9

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Some studies reported that the base of the styloid process, the styloid muscles, transverse process of the atlas and the internal and external carotid arteries are clinically available to identify the GPn in the extraoral or intraoral surgical procedures (Bejjani et al ., ; Özveren et al ., ; Prades et al ., ; Wang et al ., , ). Apart from the atlas that was not examined, this study also suggests that these structures are useful to find the GPn.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Features of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve in the Peripharyngeal Space, the Oropharynx, and the Tongue

Sakamoto

2018

The Anatomical Record

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The glossopharyngeal nerve comprises sensory, motor and parasympathetic fibers, and its problem results in several disorders. This study investigated the glossopharyngeal nerve to elucidate the characteristics of its extracranial course and branching pattern. The nerve and adjacent structures were gross anatomically examined in 32 cadavers. The glossopharyngeal nerve descended from the jugular foramen in the peripharyngeal space. It dodged between the carotid arteries and the internal jugular vein and distributed the carotid and pharyngeal branches that formed the plexus with the branches of the vagus and sympathetic nerves. The glossopharyngeal nerve curved anteriorly around the stylopharyngeus and supplied it and the glossopharyngeus. However, it occasionally disappeared because it penetrated the stylopharyngeus. The nerve passed medially to the stylohyoid ligament to enter the oropharynx, with its entry located medially to the facial artery. It appeared anteriorly to the stylopharyngeus and the palatopharyngeus and inferiorly to the palatine tonsil in the oropharynx. Its appearance was obscured beneath the tonsil and, sometimes, beneath the longitudinal muscles. The nerve distributed the branches to the palatine tonsil, which formed a plexus with those that pierced the glossopharyngeus from the outside. At the root of the tongue, the nerve ramified into the posterior branches to the epiglottic vallecula, the medial ones the lingual tonsil and the vallate papillae and the anterior ones the vallate and foliate papillae. This study suggests that, occasionally, the detection of the glossopharyngeal nerve is challenging, and its association with the pharyngeal muscles and the facial artery can facilitate its localization. Anat Rec, 302:630–638, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Features of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve in the Peripharyngeal Space, the Oropharynx, and the Tongue

Sakamoto

2018

The Anatomical Record

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“…Injury to this nerve may also have implications for the development of dysgeusia . Possible indirect damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve or its lingual branch is suspected as a possible cause of the taste disturbance . Preservation the integrity of the glossopharyngeal nerve may improve postoperation dysphagia, pain, and dysgeusia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Possible indirect damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve or its lingual branch is suspected as a possible cause of the taste disturbance. 4,15 Preservation the integrity of the glossopharyngeal nerve may improve postoperation dysphagia, pain, and dysgeusia. However, it should be noted that some tumors may invade the constrictor muscle; therefore, the muscle of the styloid diaphragm may need to be resected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The glossopharyngeal nerve provides sensation to the posterior tongue and the pharyngeal wall. In particular, the lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve provides sensation to the posterior tongue and enters the tongue base by traveling through the constrictor muscles in the area of the glossotonsillar sulcus . It has been suggested that injury to this nerve branch may contribute to dysphagia and dysgeusia after palatine or lingual tonsillectomy .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve provides sensation to the posterior tongue and enters the tongue base by traveling through the constrictor muscles in the area of the glossotonsillar sulcus. [2][3][4] It has been suggested that injury to this nerve branch may contribute to dysphagia and dysgeusia after palatine or lingual tonsillectomy. [5][6][7][8] An improved understanding of the anatomy of the glossopharyngeal nerve may help to prevent inadvertent injury to this nerve during oropharyngeal surgery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A description of the anatomy of the glossopharyngeal nerve as encountered in transoral surgery

et al. 2016

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A minimally invasive endoscopic transnasal retropterygoid approach to the upper parapharyngeal space: anatomic studies and surgical implications

Liu

Sun

Liu

et al. 2019

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol

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Background: Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment for lesions in the parapharyngeal space. However, gaining access to the parapharyngeal space is o en challenging. In this study we aim to describe a minimally invasive technique of approaching the upper parapharyngeal space through an endoscopic transnasal retropterygoid approach, based on anatomic studies and surgeries. Methods:Six fresh human cadaver heads were prepared for anatomic study at the Surgical Neuroanatomy Laboratory of the Center for Cranial Base Surgery within the Department of Neurological Surgery at the University of Pi sburgh School of Medicine. Three clinical cases seen in the Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, were used to illustrate the technique and feasibility of this approach and to assess its indications, advantages, and drawbacks. Results:The medial pterygoid plate is the primary landmark of the endoscopic transnasal retropterygoid approach to the upper parapharyngeal space. Access to the upper parapharyngeal space could be obtained by removing the mucosa on the medial pterygoid plate and the mucosa below the pharyngeal orifice of the Eustachian tube. The 3 patients in our study tolerated the procedure well and had no serious complications a er surgery. Conclusion:The anatomic data and clinical cases in this study confirm that an endoscopic transnasal retropterygoid approach is a feasible and effective surgical treatment for selected tumors in the upper parapharyngeal space. C 2019 ARS-AAOA, LLC. How to Cite this Article: Liu J, Sun X, Liu Q, et al. A minimally invasive endoscopic transnasal retropterygoid approach to the upper parapharyngeal space: anatomic studies and surgical implications.

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Surgical anatomy of the styloid muscles and the extracranial glossopharyngeal nerve

Abstract: Such relationships between the extracranial IX nerve, the styloid muscles and the transverse process of the atlas should be appreciated by clinician who treats patients with stylohyoid complex syndromes and by the surgeon for the parapharyngeal spaces approach.

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

Morphological Features of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve in the Peripharyngeal Space, the Oropharynx, and the Tongue

Morphological Features of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve in the Peripharyngeal Space, the Oropharynx, and the Tongue

A description of the anatomy of the glossopharyngeal nerve as encountered in transoral surgery

A minimally invasive endoscopic transnasal retropterygoid approach to the upper parapharyngeal space: anatomic studies and surgical implications

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