Surgical and Nonsurgical Treatment Protocols for Peri-implantitis: An Overview of Systematic Reviews

Long‐term impact of patients' compliance to peri‐implant maintenance therapy on the incidence of peri‐implant diseases: An 11‐year prospective follow‐up clinical study

“…In the current literature, controlled clinical trials for the best evidence supporting the choice of surgical or non-surgical procedures in the treatment of PI remain limited. [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] Nonsurgical interventions appear to offer some degree of clinical improvements, especially in bleeding on probing levels, but they are not enough to fully treat PI. 50 In the total sample, similarly to previous studies, the following variables were strongly associated with the occurrence of PI: plaque index >1.5, 3,18,33,35,52 male sex, 28,53 PM, 33,36 the presence of periodontitis 12,17,18,47 and irregular compliance.…”

“…Surgical treatment of PI using resective techniques (apical‐flap positioning) and implantoplasty was performed in most implants in both IC (79.1%) and RC (66.6%) groups. In the current literature, controlled clinical trials for the best evidence supporting the choice of surgical or non‐surgical procedures in the treatment of PI remain limited 44–51 …”

Bone tissue regeneration in peri-implantitis: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials

“…The steps for PI therapy should include (i) the control of the infection, (ii) debridement, corrective surgeries, or regenerative surgical procedures when necessary, and (iii) supportive therapy ( Murray et al, 2013 , Renvert and Polyzois, 2018 ). In an umbrella review, Martins et al (2022) concluded that surgical therapy had a better outcome than non-surgical therapies for PI treatment. Surgical regenerative therapy is mainly based on the principles of bone regeneration or guided bone regeneration (GBR), which must be considered if there is a vertical infrabony defect with two or three walls compromised ( Mishler & Shiau, 2014 ).…”

“…It can be used for autologous bone, allograft, xenograft, or synthetic bone materials, or even a mixture of them ( Fernandes et al, 2009 , Aghazadeh et al, 2012 , Fernandes et al, 2012 Wang et al, 2021 , Monteiro et al, 2022 ) always covered by membranes. However, several other adjunctive techniques have been suggested with the proposal to regenerate the tissues around the implants, such as methods for detoxifying implant surfaces, implantoplasty, and antimicrobial prescriptions ( Martins et al, 2022 ).…”

“…One umbrella review developed by Martins et al (2022) concluded that surgical approaches are the best option to treat PI. Thus, several regenerative surgical techniques have been identified and referred to in the literature, aiming to favor the reconstruction of bone defects ( Larsson et al, 2016 ).…”