Surgical correction of mandibular hypoplasia in hemifacial microsomia: A retrospective study in 39 patients

Dental and maxillofacial features of condylo-mandibular dysplasia: A case series of 21 patients

“…Other orthognathic procedures have been described to lengthen the mandibular ramus without the use of an extraoral approach; these include an inverted-L osteotomy (Medeiros and Ritto, 2009), an Epker-Wolford modified osteotomy with complete sectioning of the pterygomasseteric sling (Ferri et al, 2008), and lowering of the mandibular angle (Grimaud et al, 2017). Six patients in our series underwent a CCG to elongate the ramus in light of the good results that we obtained with this procedure in craniofacial microsomia (Bertin et al, 2017).…”

“…Various books have also documented these misdiagnosed cases of hemifacial microsomia with typical radiographic presentations of condylo-mandibular dysplasia (Bell, 1992;Booth et al, 1999;Tessier, 2001). The disease differs from craniofacial microsomia by the permanent absence of soft tissue involvement and the presence of normal-looking ears , while ear deformations (83.2-100%) and soft tissue defects (92-100%) are frequently observed in patients with craniofacial microsomia, and often correlated with the degree of mandibular hypoplasia (Bertin et al, 2017;Cohen et al, 2017;Bragagnolo et al, 2018). Furthermore, radiographic presentation of the condylar unit is pathognomonic of the disease, with deformation of the condyle and the coronoid process presenting as a double hump reminiscent of the back of a camel, hence the name camel-hump condylo-mandibular dysplasia.…”

“…Craniofacial microsomia is a developmental disorder that affects the head and neck structures derived from the first and second branchial arches, as evidenced by various defects of the mandible, the ears, and facial soft tissues (Bertin et al, 2017).…”

“…Among the various congenital malformations in humans, craniofacial microsomia is a common cause of condyle hypoplasia. This type of mandibular deformation is associated with ear defects, facial soft-tissue hypoplasia, and facial and systemic malformations (Bertin et al, 2017;Cohen et al, 2017;Bragagnolo et al, 2018).…”

Three-dimensional measurements on the mandible of patients with hemifacial microsomia

“…Also, various presentations are found among patients with MDP in the ascending ramus, such as flatness of the articular surface of the condyle, dysplasia, or abnormal position of the temporomandibular joint, temporomandibular joint absence at the base of the skull, or an enlarged angle of the mandible. [3][4][5] To achieve the optimal treatment outcome, it is essential to conduct a thorough pre-operative evaluation and surgical plan before elective surgery for HFM patients. However, conventional approaches are mainly based on two-dimensional measurements from skull X-rays, [6,7] which makes it challenging to capture the characteristics of the deformity and obtain a comprehensive understanding of the individual case.…”