Surgical Correction of Muscular Torticollis in the Older Child

Endoscopic transaxillary approach for congenital muscular torticollis

“…Families of the patients were extremely pleased with the cosmetic result. The Lee scoring system [3], which included function and cosmesis, was used to evaluate the surgical results (Table 1). …”

Facial scoliosis due to sternocleidomastoid torticollis: a cephalometric analysis

“…Further support for this comes from the numerous occasions in this condition when the deep cervical fascia has been found to be pathologically involved perioperatively, also requiring division in addition to the sternocleidomastoid muscle attachments, in order to realize full mobility of the neck 1,5,7,12,14,19,21,31,36 .…”

Results of bipolar release in the treatment of congenital muscular torticolis in patients older than 10 years of age

“…Lee et al [10] and Minamitani et al [14] reported that late release of the sternocleidomastoid muscle for patients more than six years of age could yield acceptable results. In a group of patients over the age of 26, Ippolito and Tudisco [15] reported that, although there was no resolution in facial asymmetry, there was improvement in the neck movements of all patients, and there were no complications.…”

“…No pathology that could have been the cause of the torticollis was determined in any of the patients, and there were no other congenital deformities. Preoperative assessment was done for restriction of neck movements, head tilt and facial asymmetry, as per the scoring system of Lee et al [10].…”

“…At the final assessment, postoperative complications (including scarring, loss of sternomastoid column, and lateral bands) were recorded. A scoring system modified from Lee et al [10], which included function and cosmetic results, was used. An excellent result corresponded to 17-18 points; a good result to 15-16 points; a fair result to 13-14 points; and a poor result to less than 12 points (Table 1).…”