Surgical management of bilateral, upper and lower eyelid entropion in 27 Shar Pei dogs, using the Stades forced granulation procedure of the upper eyelid only

Asti, M; Nardi, Samanta; Barsotti, Giovanni

doi:10.1080/00480169.2019.1694457

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Entropion carries high welfare costs for affected dogs, with constant rubbing of periorbital hairs or eyelashes causing direct pain and irritation to the sensitive corneal surface and leading to consequential ocular disorders such as corneal ulceration [ 44 ]. The extensive frontal skin folds and abundance of subcutaneous tissue on the head are considered the main factor underlying high rates of entropion in the Shar Pei, with blepharospasm following prolonged corneal irritation exacerbating the degree of entropion over time [ 18 ]. In efforts to encourage moving the Shar Pei away from the extreme conformation of skin folding with subsequent entropion that is so pervasive in the breed, The Kennel Club’s Breed Watch system specifically cites excessive loose facial skin with conformational defects of the upper and/or lower eyelids so that the eyelid margins are not in normal contact with the eye as a point of concern for judges to monitor [ 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extreme conformation in dogs is defined as a 'physical appearance that has been so significantly altered by humankind away from the ancestral natural canine appearance that affected dogs commonly suffer from poor health and welfare, with negative impacts on their quality or quantity of life ' [11]. Skin folding meets these criteria for an extreme conformation because of its strong breed predisposition reflecting human selective pressure and links to severe disorders such as skin fold dermatitis and entropion that often result in lifelong reduced quality of life [16][17][18]. Analysis of primary care veterinary clinical records in the UK reported a 0.91% annual prevalence of skin fold dermatitis diagnosis in the Shar Pei that represented a 6.4 times higher odds in the Shar Pei compared to crossbred dogs [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is it now time to iron out the wrinkles? Health of Shar Pei dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK

O’Neill,

Engdahl,

Leach

et al. 2023

Canine Med Genet

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Background The Shar Pei is a common dog breed with a distinctive appearance caused by hyaluronosis that has been linked with several health conditions. Anonymised primary-care veterinary clinical records were explored to extract data on the demography, common disorders and mortality of Shar Pei in the UK in 2013. Results The study population of 455,557 dogs included 1913 (0.42%) Shar Pei. The mean adult bodyweight was 22.26 kg. The most prevalent fine-level precision disorders were entropion (prevalence 17.88%, 95% CI: 16.16-19.59), otitis externa (16.36%, 95% CI: 14.70-18.02), ear disorders (6.69%, 95% CI: 5.57-7.81), aggression (5.23%, 95% CI: 4.23-6.22), and pyoderma (4.29%, 95% CI: 3.38-5.19). The most prevalent disorder groups were ophthalmologic (prevalence = 22.27%, 95% CI: 20.40-24.13), dermatological (21.01%, 95% CI: 19.19-22.84), aural (18.66%, 95% CI: 16.92-20.41), traumatic injury (7.53%, 95% CI: 6.35-8.71) and behavioural (7.21%, 95% CI: 6.05-8.37). The median longevity of 190 Shar Pei that died during the study period was 7.28 years (IQR 5.04-10.05, range 0.04-15.04). Of 184 deaths with a recorded method of death, 157 (85.33%) deaths involved euthanasia and 27 (14.67%) deaths were unassisted. Among 136 (71.58%) deaths with a recorded biomedical cause of death, the most common causes of death at group level precision were neoplasia (15.44%, 95% CI: 9.37-21.51), renal disorders (13.24%, 95% CI: 7.54-18.93), and behavioural disorders (11.03%, 95% CI: 5.76-16.29). Conclusions Almost one fifth of Shar Pei receive veterinary care each year for entropion, a condition linked strongly with the extreme conformation of thickened and folded skin and bristly hair that characterises the Shar Pei breed. Several other common disorders are also linked to hyaluronosis. Current UK legislation can help support efforts to avoid breeding or acquiring animals with extreme conformations and to promote adequate veterinary care for already-owned animals with extreme conformations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is it now time to iron out the wrinkles? Health of Shar Pei dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK

O’Neill,

Engdahl,

Leach

et al. 2023

Canine Med Genet

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Brow rhytidectomy with or without Stades‐like procedure for correction of pseudoptosis and trichiasis‐entropion of the upper eyelid in Chow Chow and Shar‐Pei dogs: A retrospective study of 27 dogs (2019–2022)

Sarfaty,

Ezra‐Elia,

Kahane

et al. 2024

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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PurposeHeavy brows in Chow Chow and Shar‐Pei dogs can be associated with pseudoptosis and trichiasis‐entropion of the upper eyelids, causing vision impairment and ocular discomfort. This study describes the outcomes of brow rhytidectomy ± Stades‐like procedure to address these anatomical abnormalities.MethodsRetrospective medical records review (2019–2022).ResultsTwenty‐seven dogs (n = 15 Chow Chow, n = 12 Shar‐Peis) were included, aged 1.9 ± 1.5 years (0.5–6.5 years). Presenting complaints included recurrent episodes of ocular inflammation (n = 13, 48.1%), blepharospasm (n = 10, 37.0%), corneal ulcers (n = 8, 29.6%), entropion (n = 6, 22.2%), and impaired vision (n = 4, 14.8%). Brow skin was removed as follows: (i) First incision parallel and 10–15 mm dorsal to upper lid, slightly extending beyond medial/lateral canthi; (ii) second incision forming an arc with its apex 15–35 mm dorsal to the first incision; and (iii) standard two or three layers closure. In 22/27 dogs, a Stades‐like procedure was performed by removing a 2–4 mm strip of skin above eyelid margin and leaving it to heal by secondary intention (no sutures). At last recheck (follow‐up 354.5 ± 187.8 days), 19/27 dogs (70.4%) had an adequate eyelid conformation, 7/27 dogs (25.9%) were considered under‐corrected, and 1/27 dogs (3.7%) was over‐corrected. Most owners (81.5%) were satisfied with the surgical results. Most cases (96.3%) had no recurrence of the clinical signs during the entire follow‐up period.ConclusionsBrow rhytidectomy ± Stades‐like procedure provide good cosmetic and clinical outcomes in Chow Chow and Shar‐Pei dogs, although under correction may occur in severely affected dogs and with advancing time.

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Combination of Stades Forced Granulation Method and Hotz-Celsus Procedure for Treatment of Upper and Lower Eyelid Entropion-Trichiasis in Three Dogs

Kim¹,

Seon-Mi²,

KangMoon³

2021

J Vet Clin

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Surgical management of bilateral, upper and lower eyelid entropion in 27 Shar Pei dogs, using the Stades forced granulation procedure of the upper eyelid only

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Is it now time to iron out the wrinkles? Health of Shar Pei dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK

Is it now time to iron out the wrinkles? Health of Shar Pei dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK

Brow rhytidectomy with or without Stades‐like procedure for correction of pseudoptosis and trichiasis‐entropion of the upper eyelid in Chow Chow and Shar‐Pei dogs: A retrospective study of 27 dogs (2019–2022)

Combination of Stades Forced Granulation Method and Hotz-Celsus Procedure for Treatment of Upper and Lower Eyelid Entropion-Trichiasis in Three Dogs

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