Surgical management of epidermoid carcinoma of the anus

Golden, Gerald T.; Horsley, J. Shelton

doi:10.1016/0002-9610(76)90115-x

Cited by 109 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Lymphadenopathy is clinically evident in about 20% of cases at presentation [2]. Surgical exploration, however, discloses lymph node metastasis to be present in 30%-63% of cases in various series [29]. Tumors originating above the dentate line metastasize via lymph nodes accompanying the lower hemorrhoidal veins up to the internal iliac nodes and then to the para-aortic chain.…”

Section: Clinical Symptoms and Natural Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carcinoma of the Anus: Strategies in Management

2002

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The management of anal cancer underwent an interesting transformation over the last two decades. Prior to this period, the standard definitive treatment for carcinoma of the anal canal was abdominal-perineal resection, which necessitated a permanent colostomy. The organ preservation concept appeared following the discovery of a high complete response rate from preoperative combined chemoradiation prior to abdominal-perineal resection.The organ preservation method of treatment rapidly gained popularity and ultimately saved a large number of patients from undergoing abdominal-perineal resection and colostomy. Chemoradiation treatment itself subsequently went through an evolutionary process. Several studies have sought to define the optimal chemotherapeutic regimen as well as radiation treatment dose and fractionation. Ongoing studies attempt to define an optimal treatment regimen that yields a higher cure rate while minimizing toxicity. We review the etiology, epidemiology, and treatment regimens for anal cancer.

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Section: Clinical Symptoms and Natural Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carcinoma of the Anus: Strategies in Management

2002

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“…The standard treatment for anal canal cancer has been abdominoperineal resection (APR) (12,15,19,20,22,24,25,27,28,31,37,45,47,(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63). A simple local excision has been performed for small tumours (22, 24, 3 I, 34, 50, 64, 65).…”

Section: Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Treatment of Anal Carcinoma: An overview

Tanum

1992

Acta Oncologica

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“…As both metastastic pathways exist along the entire anal canal, the anatomical dentate line does not represent a strict functional watershed of the metastatic pathways. About 15-35% inguinal involvement is seen even in patients with metastasized cancer proximal to the dentate line [3,5,8] ( fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in the anal region, the lymph flow is bidirectional: In patients with cancer proximal to the dentate line, about two thirds of the lympha is drained along the inferior rectal artery up to the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery. Cancer sites distal to the dentate line mainly drain to the inguinal lymph nodes and further on along the femoral artery [3,7]. As both metastastic pathways exist along the entire anal canal, the anatomical dentate line does not represent a strict functional watershed of the metastatic pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sentinel Node Biopsy in Anal Cancer – a Promising Strategy to Individualize Therapy

Ulmer

Bembenek²,

Gretschel³

et al. 2003

Oncol Res Treat

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Background: In order to individualize the therapy in patients with anal cancer, we evaluated the applicability of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) concept for the staging of inguinal lymph nodes in these patients. Patients and Method: SLN mapping using the radiocolloid technique was performed in 12 patients with histopathologically proven anal cancer. Mean age of the 4 male and 8 female patients was 62 years (range: 37–83 years). All patients underwent injection of ^99mTc-colloid (Nanocis^©) in 4 portions around the tumor followed by scintigraphy after 17 h and selective lymph node biopsy in case of nuclide enrichment. The nuclide-enriched lymph node was intraoperatively identified by a hand-held γ-camera. Histopathological assessment of the harvested SLNs included serial sections and immunohistochemical staining. Results: Enrichment of radiocolloid in lymph nodes was seen in 10 of the 12 patients (detection rate: 83%). SLN biopsy was performed in 9 patients, one patient refused the SLN biopsy (SLNB). 4 patients revealed tumor-infiltrated sentinel lymph nodes including one patient with bilateral biopsy, who showed metastases unilaterally. The remaining 5 patients had no evidence of metastases in the excised SLNs. Conclusion: It is feasible to evaluate the nodal status of the groin in patients with anal cancer using the radiocolloid technique. Preliminary results indicate a refined diagnostic work-up for anal cancer patients, potentially improving the results of clinical and sonographical examinations. Further application of the method may lead to an individualized treatment of patients with anal cancer.

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Surgical management of epidermoid carcinoma of the anus

Cited by 109 publications

References 16 publications

Carcinoma of the Anus: Strategies in Management

Carcinoma of the Anus: Strategies in Management

Diagnosis and Treatment of Anal Carcinoma: An overview

Sentinel Node Biopsy in Anal Cancer – a Promising Strategy to Individualize Therapy

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