Surgical methods in the treatment of congenital anomalies of the uterine cervix

Abstract

The authors discuss the embryological development of this rare reproductive tract abnormality and have proposed a systematic surgical strategy for each anatomic finding. Ultimately, counseling patients on the best surgical approach requires a discussion on the potential postoperative complications, the degree of cervical abnormality, and the patient's desired treatment outcome. Whether the patient desires definitive treatment with a hysterectomy to avoid the risk of further surgery or, when anatomically appropriate, she wants to pursue a patent outflow tract and the possibility of future childbearing, evidence-based medicine must become the source for surgical strategies.

Cervical length for the prediction and prevention of preterm birth

“…Besides previous sPTB, short CL during pregnancy can be the consequence of several factors: congenital malformations [40,41], previous surgery of the uterine cervix [42][43][44], subclinical intra-amniotic infection and/or inflammation [45][46][47][48][49] and cervical insufficiency [50,51].…”

Cryptomenorrhea with cervicovaginal aplasia: endoscopic transfundal development of the lower genital tract

“…Compared to open surgical procedures [9][10][11] that were either performed via exploratory laparotomy or assisted by laparoscopy, the present procedure does not entail any dissection. Absence of dissection may be an important attributing factor to the long-lasting success that was achieved [5,6].…”

“…Therefore, the intended uterine puncture was a fundamental step of the original canalization procedure and the hysteroscopy was just passed through the preformed passage. There are several other described successful procedures for management of cervicovaginal aplasia [9][10][11][12][13]. However, dissection either abdominal or vaginal is a fundamental part of these procedures.…”

Reconstructive And Conservative Surgery by Tubal Implantation in Mullerian Anomalies – A Case Report

“…Treatment: Hysterectomy has been recommended for patients with functional uteri and cervical agenesis or dysgenesis. However successful attempts in recanalization of the uterine cervix by laparotomy [15] or assisted by laparoscopy [16,17] have been reported. Despite the absence of normal cervical secretions in these cases successful pregnancies have been reported.…”