Surgical repositioning of the medial collateral ligament. An anatomical and mechanical analysis

Dl, Bartel; Marshall, J.; Schieck, RA; Jb, Wang

doi:10.2106/00004623-197759010-00020

Cited by 61 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Others have measured ACL displacement patterns, enabling calculation of strain pattern, in order to understand the effect of knee joint position and muscle activity on ligament biomechanics [2,6,7,37,38,51,53,54,59,60,61]. Edwards, Lafferty and Lang [16], Kennedy et al [37] and Brown et al [11] utilized mercury filled strain gauges to measure the displacement of ligaments at various angles of knee flexion.…”

Section: Biomechanical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The measurement of anterior cruciate ligament strain in vivo

Beynnon

Howe

Pope

et al. 1992

International Orthopaedics

237

159

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This article describes the use of the Hall Effect strain transducer (HEST) in a new arthroscopic technique to study the normal anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in-vivo. Study participants were patient volunteers with normal ACLs undergoing diagnostic arthroscopic or meniscal surgery under local anaesthesia. The HEST was implanted into the Anterior Medial Band (AMB) of the ACL. Anterior shear loading of the tibia in relation to the fixed femur at 30 degrees of knee flexion (Lachman test), produced significantly greater strain values in comparison to anterior shear loading at 90 degrees (Anterior Drawer test). During isometric quadriceps contraction a significant increase in AMB strain was measured with the knee flexed to 30 degrees, while no significant change was measured at 90 degrees. For quadriceps contraction there were significantly higher values of AMB strain measured at 30 degrees of knee flexion in comparison to that observed at 90 degrees. For active range of motion (AROM) the AMB was strained between 10 degrees and 48 degrees, and unstrained between 48 degrees and 110 degrees. During passive range of motion (PROM) the AMB remained unstrained until the joint was brought into extension. There were significant differences in strain values found between AROM and PROM at the flexion angles 10 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees and 40 degrees, while between 50 degrees and 110 degrees there were no significant differences. These results confirm previous studies that the Lachman test is a superior technique in comparison to the classic anterior drawer test for evaluating the AMB. They suggest that isometric quadriceps activity at 90 degrees of knee flexion can be prescribed for rehabilitation immediately after ACL reconstruction. These data indicate that AROM (between the limits of 50 degrees and 110 degrees) and PROM may also be performed with minimal risk of strain to a reconstructive replacement. The PROM data may also serve as an important standard for the reconstruction of the ACL.

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Section: Biomechanical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The measurement of anterior cruciate ligament strain in vivo

Beynnon

Howe

Pope

et al. 1992

International Orthopaedics

237

159

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“…The MCL has also been considered to stabilize the knee in response to anterior tibial loads after ACL injury. It was described that the length of the MCL and LCL changed with knee flexion (Bartel et al, 1977;Park et al, 2005). There are few reports concerning the LCL and MCL simultaneously the same knee.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphologic Study of the Lateral and Medial Collateral Ligaments of the Human Knee

Otake

Chen

Yao

et al. 2007

Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn.

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Summary: The collateral ligaments of the knee are important in maintaining knee stability. Numerous studies have been described the morphology and function of the ligaments of the knee. However, little data was given about the lateral and medial collateral ligaments simultaneously. The objective of the present study was to compare the morphology of the lateral (LCL) and medial (MCL) collateral ligaments in human knees. We dissected 34 cadaver knees and examined the size, attachment and inclination of the LCL and the MCL. In both of them, the posterior bundle was longer than that of the anterior bundle. The anterior and posterior bundles of the MCL were longer than that of the LCL. The proximal attachment of the MCL situated more anterior and superior than that of the LCL. As compared with the LCL, the distal attachment of the MCL located a little forward and inferior. The longitudinal diameter of the attachment of ligaments was longer than the transverse one, except for the proximal attachment of the MCL. The size of the attachments of the MCL was larger than that of the LCL except for the longitudinal diameter of the proximal attachment. At full extension of the knee, the inclination of the MCL was backward, while that of the LCL was forward. These data showed that the LCL and MCL had the different structural properties. It may provide a better understanding of the function of the collateral ligaments.

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“…The results of such studies (e.g. Bartel et al, 1977;Warren, Marshall and Girgis, 1974) tend to be different, and except for one case of cine-radiography (section 8.3.4), X-ray methods have not been pursued with any real vigour.…”

Section: X-raymentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft tissue strain measurement

Shrive¹

1997

Optical Measurement Methods in Biomechanics

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Surgical repositioning of the medial collateral ligament. An anatomical and mechanical analysis

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

The measurement of anterior cruciate ligament strain in vivo

The measurement of anterior cruciate ligament strain in vivo

Morphologic Study of the Lateral and Medial Collateral Ligaments of the Human Knee

Soft tissue strain measurement

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