“…After injury of the STA, hemodynamic begins to change and is characterized by high flow from the abundant feeding artery leading to a progressive venous dilation in the scalp [ 2 , 3 , 5 , 8 , 9 ]. The sAVF generally present with small subcutaneous swelling in the beginning, which can enlarge to become a pulsatile scalp mass over time and cause severe cosmetic deformity [ 2 , 8 , 9 ]. These lesions can also bring about various clinical signs and symptoms such as tinnitus, headache, hemorrhage, epilepsy, local allodynia, bruits, and scalp necrosis [ 3 – 5 , 8 , 9 , 11 – 15 ].…”