2023
DOI: 10.1503/cjs.022121
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Surgical sexism in Canada: structural bias in reimbursement of surgical care for women

Abstract: Background: It is well established that female physicians in Canada are reimbursed at lower rates than their male counterparts. To explore if a similar discrepancy exists in reimbursement for care provided to female and male patients, we addressed this question: Do Canadian provincial health insurers reimburse physicians at lower rates for surgical care provided to female patients than for similar care provided to male patients? Methods: Using a modified Delphi process, we generated a list of procedures perfor… Show more

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Cited by 9 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…An obvious example of how patient-specific compensation inequality contributes to the between-specialty compensation gap is that procedures performed on female anatomy (most often by gynecologists, a female-dominated specialty) are compensated at a lower rate than those performed on male anatomy (most often by urologists, a male-dominated specialty). 9 However, patient-specific inequality also widens the within-specialty gap in surgical specialties; for example, female urologists see a greater proportion of female patients than their male colleagues and female urology patients more often require urodynamic procedures than male urology patients, which are compensated at a lower rate than other urologic procedures. 10 …”
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confidence: 99%
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“…An obvious example of how patient-specific compensation inequality contributes to the between-specialty compensation gap is that procedures performed on female anatomy (most often by gynecologists, a female-dominated specialty) are compensated at a lower rate than those performed on male anatomy (most often by urologists, a male-dominated specialty). 9 However, patient-specific inequality also widens the within-specialty gap in surgical specialties; for example, female urologists see a greater proportion of female patients than their male colleagues and female urology patients more often require urodynamic procedures than male urology patients, which are compensated at a lower rate than other urologic procedures. 10 …”
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confidence: 99%
“…This interaction has been termed “double discrimination” and can be interrogated by comparing payment for procedures performed on male reproductive anatomy (e.g., urologic procedures) and female reproductive anatomy (e.g., gynecologic procedures) across male-dominated (urology) and female-dominated (gynecology) specialties. A rigorous comparison of similar urology and gynecology procedure codes in Canada by Chaikof and colleagues 9 found that gynecologic procedures were paid, on average, 28% less than matched urologic procedures, with wide variation in this difference across provinces. Although structural discrimination in the schedule of medical benefits is not the only contributor to the compensation gap, the study suggests that the provincial and territorial schedule of medical benefits contributes to between-specialty and patient-specific compensation inequality.…”
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confidence: 99%
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“…Ces 2 inégalités de rémunération pourraient être accrues par l'inégalité propre à la patientèle, qui désigne les différences dans la rémunération des services fournis à des femmes par rapport à ceux fournis à des hommes. Un exemple évident de la contribution de cette inégalité à l'écart entre les spécialités est le fait que les interventions faites sur l'anatomie féminine (la plupart du temps par des gynécologues, la gynécologie étant une spécialité majoritairement féminine) sont rémunérées à un tarif inférieur à celui des interventions faites sur l'anatomie masculine (la plupart du temps par des urologues, l'urologie étant une spécialité majoritairement masculine) 9 . Cependant, l'inégalité propre à la patientèle élargit aussi l'écart au sein même des spécialités chirurgicales; par exemple, les femmes urologues voient une plus grande proportion de patientes que leurs confrères et, par rapport aux hommes, les patientes en urologie ont plus souvent besoin d'interventions urodynamiques, qui sont rémunérées à un tarif inférieur comparativement à d'autres interventions urologiques 10 .…”
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“…ex., interventions gynécologiques) dans des spécialités majoritairement masculines (urologie) et majoritairement féminines (gynécologie). Une comparaison rigoureuse des codes d'actes semblables en urologie et en gynécologie au Ca nada réalisée par Chaikof et ses collègues 9 a montré que les interventions gynécologiques étaient payées, en moyenne, 28 % moins cher que les interventions urologiques équivalentes, cette différence variant grandement entre les provinces. Bien que la discri mination structurelle dans la grille tarifaire des services médicaux ne soit pas le seul facteur contribuant à l'écart de rémunération, l'étude laisse penser que la grille provinciale et territoriale contribue aux inégalités entre les spécialités et propre à la patientèle 9 .…”
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