Surgical site infection: a systematic review

Hegy, Ali Ibrahim; Alshaalan, Sultan Faisal M.; Alkuraya, Haddaj Abdulmohsen S.; Aljabbab, Naeem Khalaf N.; Alruwaili, Hussam Ahmed M.; Alanazi, Nasser Awadh H

doi:10.24911/ijmdc.51-1605163946

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Postoperative wound infections have two main causes: external i-e; microorganisms and endogenous i.e; pathophysiological. Numerous nosocomial infections that are often reported for increasing treatment costs, extended hospital stays, and notable rates of morbidity and mortality [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency And Risk Factors For Developing Surgical Site Infection In Abbasi Shaheed Hospital

Ambreen Ejaz,

Jamaluddin,

Shariq Bin Yousuf

et al. 2024

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Introduction: Surgical site infections are the most common nosocomial infections worldwide and are also the common problem in developing countries. The impact of its prevalence contributes to morbidity and mortality and therefore the need to determine its prevalence is necessary. Finding out the prevalence of surgical site infections and the frequency of risk variables for surgical site infections in patients undergoing abdominal surgeries at Abbasi Shaheed Hospital in Karachi is the aim of this study. Methodology: This descriptive study was carried out from February 22, 2022- August 22, 2022 at the Abbasi Shaheed Hospital in Karachi with a sample size of 157 subjects with abdominal surgery fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Results: In our study, the mean age, length of operation and BMI were 49.87±8.74 years, 2.14±1.87 hours, 29.72±3 respectively with 61.1% of female and 38.9% male subjects. Out of 157 patients, 22 (14%) and 135 (86%) had and did not have surgical site infection. Conclusion: Patients and the healthcare systems are both heavily impacted by the effects of SSIs. A comprehensive strategy addressing pre-, intra-, and postoperative variables is necessary for the prevention of SSI. In order to lower SSI, hospital infection control procedures should be developed in conjunction with the establishment of an ongoing, long-term surveillance system to detect risk factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency And Risk Factors For Developing Surgical Site Infection In Abbasi Shaheed Hospital

Ambreen Ejaz,

Jamaluddin,

Shariq Bin Yousuf

et al. 2024

biosight

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“…This scenario further makes things complicated as MRSA organisms are difficult to treat. In the past, some of the authors have made attempts to find the different risk factors for postoperative infections and commonly reported factors are the long duration of surgery, improper pre-operative preparation of the skin, type of surgery, impaired physiological states such as hypoxia, hypothermia, shock and associated co-morbid conditions (diabetes mellitus, obesity, and immune deficiency) [20][21][22]. Some of the authors in the past have attempted to do systematic reviews on the SSI; but with our extensive review of literature, there are limited systematic reviews available that cover the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Post Operative Site Infections in Surgical Patients: A Systematic Review

Salahuddin¹,

Muddebihal²,

Thirunavukkarasu³

et al. 2022

Arch. Pharm. Pract

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Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common and serious hospital-acquired infections all over the world. The SSI can lead to an increase in morbidity, mortality, and increase in the duration of hospital stay among patients. The present systematic review was planned to find the epidemiological features, prevalence, causative organisms, and predisposing risk factors for the development of postoperative infections among surgical patients of all the six WHO regions. Initially, 281 articles were identified through specified databases. Finally, 18 articles that fulfilled all inclusions and exclusion criteria are included. For the risk factors assessment, p-values, odds ratio were considered. In general, the occurrence rate of SSI ranges from 2% to 17.8%. Regarding causative organisms, three microorganisms are commonly reported in most of the studies were Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, and E.Coli. Among the different procedures reviewed, incidence and prevalence rates were higher among emergency surgical procedures and lower among obstetrics and gynecology procedures. Longer preoperative duration of stays in hospital decreased Hb and serum albumin level, comorbid conditions such as diabetes, hypertension are potential risk factors for the development of SSI. The occurrence rate of SSI among post-operative patients is very high, especially in developing countries. This leads to a double burden on the healthcare delivery settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is essential to include a strict infection control policy, fair usage of antibiotics practices to be implemented. It is also recommended to control comorbid conditions before planning for elective surgery.

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“…While the global estimates of surgical site infection (SSI) have varied from 0.5% to 15%, studies in India have consistently shown higher rates ranging from 23% to 38% 3 . The incidence of SSI may be influenced by pre-operative care, the theatre environment, post-operative care, and the type of surgery 1,2 Dirty surgeries involve old (more than 7 h after causal event) trauma injuries with devitalized tissue and with pre-existing clinical infection or perforated viscera.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…E.g. perforation of gastrointestinal, biliary or or pharyngeal tract before operation, necrotising soft tissue infections 3,4 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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2022

IJPSR

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Background: Antimicrobials are used for prophylaxis and treatment of infections that occur following surgical procedures to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with surgical site infections (SSIs). A surgical site infection is an infection that occurs after surgery in the part of the body where the surgery took place. These are infections of the tissues, organs, or spaces exposed by surgeons during the performance of an invasive procedure. Objective: To assess the cost of antimicrobials therapy used within different types of surgeries. Methods: A prospective, noninterventional, observational study in the department of pharmacology for 9 months. Sample size: 330. Results: In our study clean 113 (34%), dirty 102 (31%), and clean-contaminated 90 (27%) wound surgeries were the most commonly performed surgeries. Contaminated wound surgeries were the least commonly performed surgeries (8%) in our study. The cost of antimicrobial therapy in patients with clean-contaminated (median-220), contaminated (median-352), or dirty wound surgeries (median-546) was significantly high as compared to clean wound surgeries (median-160). Also the cost of antimicrobial therapy in patients with dirty wound surgeries is significantly high as compared to clean contaminated wound surgeries. Conclusion: Total duration of antimicrobial therapy, number, and cost of antimicrobial used was more in clean-contaminated, contaminated, dirty wound surgeries than clean wound surgeries. SSI increases cost, antimicrobial use and resistance. A higher economic burden of antimicrobials was observed in patients with wound infection than those without wound infection.INTRODUCTION: Antimicrobials are used for prophylaxis and treatment of infections that occur following surgical procedures to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with surgical site infections (SSIs).

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Surgical site infection: a systematic review

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

Frequency And Risk Factors For Developing Surgical Site Infection In Abbasi Shaheed Hospital

Frequency And Risk Factors For Developing Surgical Site Infection In Abbasi Shaheed Hospital

Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Post Operative Site Infections in Surgical Patients: A Systematic Review

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