Surgical site infection following abdominal surgery: a prospective cohort study

Alkaaki, Aroub; Al‐Radi, Osman O.; Khoja, Ahmad; Alnawawi, Anfal; Alnawawi, Abrar; Maghrabi, Ashraf A; Altaf, Abdulmalik; Aljiffry, Murad

doi:10.1503/cjs.004818

Cited by 170 publications

(192 citation statements)

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“…were several folds higher while Escherichia coli was generally similar to those of the US and European hospitals, even after considering surgeryspecific data [5,8,9]. The high contribution of GNPs in the current study was consistent with several reports from Saudi Arabia [10][11][12] and developing countries [1], that showed contribution rates between 55 and 77%. This may be explained by inadequate hand hygiene practices [22] and high environmental burden of GNPs, that are usually Table 3.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Additionally, this can be used as a justification for initiation and continuation of broad-spectrum antibiotics, leading to a vicious cycle of enhancing resistance. Consistent with current data, a local study showed that 77% of pathogens isolated from SSI after abdominal surgery were resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic given preoperatively [11].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…isolated from surgical wounds in the USA are resistant [8,9]. Unlike the prevalence of SSI in Saudi Arabia, very few studies focused on the causative pathogens and/or their resistance patterns [10][11][12]. Moreover, data on surgery-specific pathogens in these reports were absolutely lacking or retrieved from a small number of patients [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike the prevalence of SSI in Saudi Arabia, very few studies focused on the causative pathogens and/or their resistance patterns [10][11][12]. Moreover, data on surgery-specific pathogens in these reports were absolutely lacking or retrieved from a small number of patients [10][11][12]. Likewise, very limited data on the resistance patterns of pathogens causing SSI were reported in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) [10] and the Middle Eastern countries [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High contribution and impact of resistant gram negative pathogens causing surgical site infections at a multi-hospital healthcare system in Saudi Arabia, 2007–2016

et al. 2020

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Background: Despite being largely preventable, surgical site infections (SSIs) are still one of the most frequent healthcare-associated infections. The presence of resistant pathogens can further augment their clinical and economic impacts. The objective was to estimate the distribution and resistance in SSI pathogens in Saudi Arabia and to compare them to the US National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) hospitals. Methods: Targeted SSI surveillance was prospectively conducted on several surgical procedures done between 2007 and 2016 in four hospitals of Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs. Definitions and methodology of SSI and bacterial resistance were based on NHSN. Results: A total 492 pathogens causing 403 SSI events were included. The most frequent pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (22.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.1%), Klebsiella spp. (12.2%), and Escherichia coli (12.2%), with marked variability between surgeries. Approximately 30.3% of Staphylococcus aureus was methicillin-resistant (MRSA), 13.0% of Enterococcus spp. was vancomycin-resistant (VRE), and 5.5% of Enterobacteriaceae were carbapenem resistant (CRE). The highest multidrug-resistant (MDR) GNPs were Acinetobacter spp. (58.3%), Klebsiella spp. (20.4%) and Escherichia coli (16.3%). MRSA was significantly less frequent while cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella spp., MDR Klebsiella spp., and MDR Escherichia coli were significantly more frequent in our hospitals compared with NHSN hospitals. Conclusion: GNPs in a tertiary care setting in Saudi Arabia are responsible for more than 60% of SSI with more resistant patterns than Western countries. This information may be critical to secure resources and ensure support for caregivers and healthcare leaders in implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs and evidence-based SSI preventive practices.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High contribution and impact of resistant gram negative pathogens causing surgical site infections at a multi-hospital healthcare system in Saudi Arabia, 2007–2016

et al. 2020

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“…13 In Alkaaki et al study, A total of 337 patients were included. 14 Only 23% of cultured bacteria were sensitive to the prophylactic antibiotic given preoperatively.…”

Section: Surgical Site Infections Alter the Outcome Of Surgery;mentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of surgical site infections in a general practice hospital

Kumar¹,

Goud

2019

Int Surg J

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postoperative complication and causes pain and suffering to patients. 2,3 SSI is, a preventable HCAI, that can double the length of hospital stay and increase the costs of healthcare, There are, in addition, indirect costs due to loss of productivity, patient dissatisfaction and litigation, and reduced quality of life. 4 According to a report by the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) in 2012, overall 1.4 million people worldwide were suffering from ABSTRACT Background: Surgical site infections (SSI), major contributor to increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs among surgical patients worldwide. This study evaluates the incidence of surgical site infections in abdominal surgeries. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at Siri hospital, Khammam after obtaining permission from the hospital ethics committee. A total of 250 patients of elective and emergency abdominal surgery were included and studied about surgical site infections and factors influencing it. Results: This study includes 250 patients with abdominal abnormalities. In this 48(19.2%) patients were recorded with surgical site infection. As the age increases SSI was also increases. ASA scores of III (5.6%) & IV (8.0%) were associated with the increased SSI. These SSI were more common in intestinal obstruction with gangrene cases 7 (2.8%) and also in accidental trauma/injury cases 7 (2.8%). SSI can be noticed after 48 hour of infection and recorded up to 10 days of postoperative period. The surgical wound incidence was clean (14.6%), clean contaminated (29.2%), contaminated (20.8%) and dirty (35.4%) respectively. Major factors that influence the SSI were diabetes, obesity, preoperative anti biotic usage, duration of surgery, emergency surgery and level of haemoglobin and albumin levels. The organisms isolated from SSI were E.coli (22.9%), Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (18.7%), Proteus species (16.6%), Klebsiella species (16.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (6.2%) and mixed bacterial infections (10.4%). Conclusions: Surgical site infections were more commonly seen in abdominal surgeries. SSI was higher in older people. Control of factors influencing and bacterial contamination decreases the incidence of SSI in abdominal surgeries.

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