Surgical Skills Training and Simulation

Urology technical and non‐technical skills development: the emerging role of simulation

“…A variety of training tools can be used to facilitate surgical training before operating on a live patient, including online delivery of didactic teaching, video instruction to prepare the trainee, and some type of simulation environment [23,24]. Pre-training in open surgical exposure, as well as in-training exposure, has been compromised with the advent of minimally invasive technologies and shorter training timeframes.…”

“…The primary relationship is artificial (machine/model vs clinician/patient) The context is lost if performed in a simulation centre Component tasks are required which is different to the wider context and team Simulation activity is imposed externally and carries an assessment component (subject to pass/fail criteria) Randomised controlled trials and collaborative, multi-institutional studies are lacking in the simulation literature and are unlikely to ever come to fruition Table 4 Assessment of validity [6,24,107].…”

“…Structured training programs should have clear aims, objectives, outcomes and assessment tools to ensure the relevant competency is being assessed correctly and well supervised [24]. A true simulator is one that can 'enable the operator to reproduce or represent under test conditions phenomena likely to occur in actual performance' and can include a variety of real and virtual models [23].…”

Experimental evaluation of training accelerators for surgical drilling

“…Training value can be acquired through proficiency in which performance is assessed before the training (pre-test) and compared to the performance after the training session (post-test) [6], [7].…”

EVA: Endoscopic Video Analysis of the Surgical Scene for the Assessment of MIS Psychomotor Skills

“…Several motivators can be identified behind this: media and public awareness towards medical errors, the need to reduce costs in hospitals, or the overloaded schedules of surgeons [1].…”