Surgical treatment of children with postburn deformations of thigh using of extended expanded flaps on the basis of perforator vessels

Clinical review of humic acid as an antiviral: Leadup to translational applications in clinical humeomics

“…Ultimately, the 2002 NIH study established the primary mechanism of action of humic polyanions using time-of-addition methodology (Table 6). Studies performed by Meerbach et al (2001); Cagno et al (2015); Zhernov et al (2017), among others, yielded similar findings. In the aggregate, time-of-addition studies revealed that commingling viral particles with humic substances before adding cells to the mixture prevented viral fusion to cell membrane receptors; however, pre-treating cells with humic substances failed to influence the capacity of viral particles to adsorb to their target cell membrane receptors.…”

“…Though studies performed since 2002 have taken advantage of technological developments to provide more precise comparative data regarding the antiviral potential of humic substances, the NIH work is notable for its breadth of study, the quality of its data, and the lessons learned based on its conclusions. Subsequent work by others has verified specific conclusions of this study (Meerbach et al, 2001;Cagno et al, 2015;Zhernov et al, 2017;Zhernov et al, 2021). For much of its report, the NIH study used IC 50 and IC 90 endpoints to quantify the antiviral efficacy of humic acid versus a reference antiviral compound in vitro.…”

“…In the extracellular framework, negatively charged carboxylated polyanions bind to positively charged viral envelop glycoproteins. Using HIV as a model, humic acid interacts with the positively charged V3 loop of the HIV-1 glycoprotein (gp120) or the glycoprotein 41 (gp41) complex (Zhernov et al, 2017). With SARS-CoV-2, it is theorized that humic acid binds to the positively charged M-glycoprotein of the viral envelop.…”

“…In 2017, Zhernov et alia similarly concluded that all humic pagination exhibited low cytotoxicity; however, their study design did not reach the CC 50 for the humic polyanion studied. As a result, the CC 50 for humic acid was estimated based on the largest concentration tested as > 200 mcg/mL (Zhernov et al, 2017). Zhernov et alia's subsequent finding in 2021 that mitochondrial activity of cells in vitro remained greater than 80% in the presence of humic acid and shilajit samples at a concentration of 1000 mg/L reiterated his prior finding as well as the data published in the NIH study and provides further proof of concept that the mechanism driving the antiviral activity of humic acid and shilajit does not rely on cytotoxicity Zhernov et al, 2021).…”