Objective: The aim of this retrospective single–center study was to quantitatively assess chronic subdural hematomas (CSDHs), reveal the correlations between multiple and quantitative values calculated from computed tomography images, and determine the risk factors for CSDH recurrence.
Methods: We enrolled 225 patients who underwent 304 burr-hole surgeries between April 2005 and October 2021 at Otemae Hospital. Patients′ medical records and quantitative values including preoperative CSDH volume (ml), thickness (mm), computed tomography values (CTV), postoperative CSDH volume (ml), and air volume (ml) were evaluated. The locations of CSDH thickness and burr holes were also assessed quantitatively using Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed.
Results: Thirty–seven patients (12%) showed CSDH recurrence requiring reoperation. Preoperative CSDH volume was positively correlated with age, preoperative CSDH thickness, CTV, postoperative CSDH volume, and air volume. Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that age, preoperative CSDH volume, Glasgow Coma Scale score (3–14), postoperative hemiplegia, and gait disturbance were risk factors for recurrence requiring reoperation, and a higher CTV (hazard ratio 0.95, 95% confidence interval 0.91–0.99) was associated with a lower risk of recurrence requiring reoperation. Only preoperative CSDH volume was a significant risk factor for recurrence requiring reoperation in multivariate regression analyses. The postoperative air volume and locations of CSDH thickness and burr hole had no influence on recurrence requiring reoperation. ROC curve analysis revealed that the optimal preoperative CSDH volume cut-off value as a predictor was 155 ml, the thickness was approximately 36.3 mm calculated from a regression line.
Conclusions: A larger and more hypodense CSDH has a high risk of recurrence requiring reoperation. Residual air volume after surgery and locations of CSDH and burr hole had no influence on recurrence requiring reoperation.