oronary artery fistula is found in 0.1% of patients who undergo coronary angiography 1 and multiple fistulas are even more rare. [2][3][4][5][6] Few patients with coronary fistulas are followed for over 15 years, 7 and we present a rare case of multiple fistulas and an aneurysmal cavity that progressed during a 16-year period of conservative management.
Case ReportA 38-year-old Japanese woman underwent cardiac evaluation to assess an arrhythmia detected after the delivery of her fourth baby. At the age of 22 years, she had undergone cardiac evaluation, including catheter examination, at a local hospital because of a heart murmur. Coronary angiography showed a huge right coronary artery (RCA) approximately 7 mm in diameter draining to the right atrium and a normal left coronary artery (Fig 1). Because the left to right shunt ratio was trivial and the patient was asymptomatic, it was decided to manage her conservatively.On the current admission to hospital, there was a grade III continuous murmur at the second left sternal border. The electrocardiogram was normal. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed an aneurysm approximately 22 mm in Circulation Journal Vol.68, January 2004 diameter behind the left ventricle communicating with the right atrium, and the dilated mid-portion of the RCA was seen in the anterior atrio-ventricular groove (Fig 2). Colorflow mapping showed prominent turbulent flow from the aneurysm to the right atrium. The patient underwent right and left cardiac catheter examination in March 2000. Selective coronary angiography demonstrated that the lumen of the RCA was enlarged to approximately 12 mm in diameter with extreme tortuousity, an enlarged aneurysmal cavity approximately 22 mm in diameter in the terminal portion of the RCA, and the postero-descending artery was being filled by collateral circulation from the left coronary artery. Moreover, 2 new fistulas had appeared from the left coro- A 38-year-old Japanese woman underwent cardiac evaluation to assess an arrhythmia detected after the delivery of her fourth baby. At the age of 22 years, she had undergone cardiac evaluation, including catheter examination, because of a heart murmur. Coronary angiography showed a huge right coronary artery (RCA) draining to the right atrium and a normal left coronary artery. Because the left to right shunt ratio was trivial and the patient was asymptomatic, conservative observation was undertaken. On the current admission to hospital, there was a grade III continuous murmur at the second left sternal border. The patient underwent right and left cardiac catheter examination in March 2000. Selective coronary angiography demonstrated an enlarged lumen of the RCA, an enlarged aneurysmal cavity in the terminal portion of the RCA, and the postero-descending artery being filled by collateral circulation from the left coronary artery. Moreover, 2 new fistulas had appeared from the left coronary system. An oxygen saturation study showed that the pulmonary to somatic flow ratio (Qp/Qs) was 2.2. The patient underwe...