Intoroduction
Inflammatory aortic aneurysms are commonly found in the infrarenal abdominal aorta and represent 3%-10% of all infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms; 1) however, multiple inflammatory aortic aneurysms are rare. This report presents a case of multiple inflammatory aortic aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta.
CaseA 54-year-old male who had been experiencing a high fever for a month was admitted to a local hospital for examination. He had no history of medical treatment.Blood tests showed a white blood cell count of 6100/mm 3 , C-reactive protein (CRP) of 15.38 mg/dl. The autoimmune screen was negative and included anti-nuclear antibody, C-ANCA (cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody), P-ANCA (perinuclear anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody), rheumatoid factor, IgG, Complement C3, anti-SS-A antibody, and anti-SS-B antibody. The bacterial blood tests and serum endotoxin were also negative. Computed tomography (CT) showed saccular aneurysms in the descending thoracic aorta and infrarenal abdominal aorta. The walls of the aneurysms were thickened and enhanced by intravenous contrast which suggested an inflammatory change (Fig. 1, 2).Mycotic aneurysms were suspected and the patient was treated with antibiotics. However, the CRP did not improve and the fever continued. So the patient was transferred to this hospital for further examination and treatment.The aneurysms were diagnosed to be inflammatory aneurysms and the patient was treated with prednisolone because the bacterial blood tests were negative, and CT showed no evidence of intramural air or fluid collection suggestive of an infective etiology. The CRP improved to 1.12 mg/dl in a week which also supported the diagnosis of inflammatory aneurysms. However, CT scan after improvement of CRP showed the descending thoracic aorta aneurysm diameter had grown from 30 mm to 32 mm A 54-year-old male who had been experiencing a high fever for a month was admitted to a local hospital for examination. Computed tomography revealed saccular aneurysms in the descending thoracic aorta and infrarenal abdominal aorta. The walls of the aneurysms were thickened and enhanced by intravenous contrast which suggested the inflammatory change. He was transferred to this hospital and underwent graft replacement of both the descending thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta simultaneously. Simultaneous surgery should be considered in patients presenting with multiple inflammatory aneurysms, since inflammatory aneurysms have a risk of demonstrating rapid enlargement.