“…531,532 The various surgical procedures available (eg, bipolar cautery or radiofrequency ablation) 524,533-535 alleviate the mucosal hypertrophy, the bony hypertrophy (eg, submucosal resection), or a combination of bony and mucosal hypertrophy (eg, powdered turbinoplasty or laser turbinectomy). [536][537][538][539] If the patient with rhinitis and coexisting turbinate hypertrophy has been unresponsive to medical therapy, a surgical evaluation can be considered. [540][541][542] In children, the indications for adenoidectomy are sleep apnea caused by adenotonsillar hypertrophy, chronic adenoiditis, and 543 For OME, an adenoidectomy is usually recommended after the first set of tympanostomy tubes extrudes, effusion returns, and a second set of tympanostomy tubes are being considered.…”