Surging HIV‐1 CRF07_BC epidemic among recently infected men who have sex with men in Fujian, China

Chen, Zhiwei; Liu, Li; Chen, Guozhong; Cheung, Kmc; Du, Yanhua; Xu, Yi; Lü, Yuan; Liang, Chen; Lin, Xinhua

doi:10.1002/jmv.25072

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…The results were similar to that of the study conducted in Jiangsu province (a close neighbor of Shanghai), showing that the prevalence of genotype CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC, and B were 60.06, 22.29, and 5.88%, respectively [13]. Similarly, the surveys carried out in Hebei, Fujian, and regions across China also reported that CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC, and B were the predominant subtypes [9, 14, 15]. However, some other studies displayed different results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…While, in our study, homosexual contact accounted for 68.8% of HIV transmission factors for Shanghai cases. Chen’s study revealed that CRF07_BC was increasing among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Fujian; our findings also indicated that CRF07_BC was one of the most prevalent genotypes among MSM in Shanghai [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…HIV-1 genotypes are associated with transmission routes, and vary in epidemic size and distribution features [6]. The distribution of HIV-1 genotypes in several regions of China had been described [7–9]. However, little data is known about that in Shanghai, which is the economic, financial, trade and shipping center of mainland China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity of HIV-1 genotypes and high prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance in newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients in Shanghai, China

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2019

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Genetic variability and liability to develop drug-resistant mutations are the main characteristics of HIV-1, which can not only increase the risk of antiretroviral treatment (ART) failure, but also can lead to the spread of resistant strains. We aim to investigate the distribution of HIV-1 genotypes and prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) in ART-naïve HIV-1 infected patients in Shanghai China. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed among the newly diagnosed ART-naive HIV-1 infected patients during the period from January 2017 to November 2017 in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. The target fragment of 1316 bp in the pol gene spanning the reverse transcriptase and protease regions was amplified using a nested polymerase chain reaction. HIV-1 genotypes were determined by phylogenetic analysis, and PDR associated mutations were determined according to Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database ( http://hivdb.stanford.edu/ ). Results We successfully amplified pol gene sequences from blood samples of 317 patients, of whom 95.3% were male, and 68.8% were men who have sex with men. The median age was 33 years; and the median CD4 count was 275 cells/μL. The predominant HIV-1 genotype was circulating recombinant form (CRF) 01_AE (53.0%, 168/317), followed by CRF07_BC (29.7%, 94/317), B (7.6%, 24/317), CRF08_BC (1.9%, 6/317), CRF55_01B (1.9%, 6/317), CRF 59_01B (0.9%, 3/317). In addition, 5% (16/317) HIV-1 strains were identified as other subtypes or CRFs/URFs (unique recombinant forms). The overall prevalence of PDR was 17.4% (55/317). PDR frequency to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI, 16.4%) was much higher than that to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI, 4.7%) and protease inhibitor (PI, 0.6%). The most common HIV-1 mutation pattern for NNRTI and NRTI were V179D/E (10.1%, 32/317) and M184 V (2.8%, 9/317), respectively. About half (49.1%, 27/55) of the HIV-1 strains with mutation presented as potential low-level resistant to NNRTI attributed to V179D/E. Conclusion The distribution of HIV-1 genotypes in Shanghai China is diverse and complex. The high prevalence of PDR highlights the significance of baseline HIV-1 drug resistance testing. Non-NNRTI-containing regimen may be the preferred initial therapy for newly diagnosed HIV-1 patients in Shanghai in the absence of PDR test results.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

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Diversity of HIV-1 genotypes and high prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance in newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients in Shanghai, China

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2019

BMC Infect Dis

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“…It is noteworthy among the dataset of successful sequencing samples, CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE were the main subtypes of HIV-1 epidemic strains in patients with failed antiviral therapy, followed by CRF08_BC, B, and C. The main epidemic subtypes in Sichuan were different from the single B and C subtypes in 2010 (Shao et al 1999;Yuan et al 2015), which may relate to the genetic polymorphism of HIV epidemic strains and the variations of main transmission routes. As compared with other provinces, the main endemic subtype of drug-resistant strains was CRF01_ AE in Fujian and Guangdong (Deng et al 2014;Chen et al 2018;Lan et al 2018), subtype B in Liaoning province, and subtype C and subtype B in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province (Duan et al 2017). The main HIV-1 subtypes of patients with ART-failure in some areas of Sichuan province were different.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of HIV-1 Drug Resistance among Patients with Antiretroviral Therapy Failure in Sichuan, China, 2010-2016

Dong

Leng

et al. 2019

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been introduced recently and has significantly impacted morbidity and mortality, but can also engender drug resistance. To identify the prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance (HIVDR) among patients with antiretroviral therapy failure in Sichuan during the period from 2010 to 2016, we carried out a longitudinal study in Sichuan, a province with the highest HIV/AIDS prevalence in China. The data and blood samples were collected from HIV/AIDS patients who received ART for more than half a year. Overall 5,512 sequences were completed from 7,059 ART-failure patients, and 2,499 individuals were identified as drug resistant. Among those with HIVDR mutations identified, 25.37% were against non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), and 1.60% was against nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). NRTI-resistant drugs were mainly lamivudine (3TC) (57.77%) and emtricitabine (FTC), while NNRTI-resistant drugs were mainly nevirapine (NVP) (91.13%) and efavirenz (EFV) (72.81%). The most common recombination subtypes of HIV-1 in sequenced samples were CRF07_ BC (circulating recombinant form, CRF) (41.42%), followed by CRF01_AE (40.77%). Moreover, drug resistance rate increased with the prolongation of treatment time (χ 2 = 14.758, P < 0.05). The overall prevalence of acquired drug resistance in HIV-1 infected patients in Sichuan was 5.47%, which has remained relatively stable from 2010 to 2016. HIV-1 CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC subtypes were the main epidemic strains, and the possibility of resistance was higher in CRF01_AE subtypes. The current study highlights the importance of acquired drug resistance surveillance over a long period.

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“…Now it is becoming increasingly prevalent and is one of the most common CRFs in China [36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidation of the Molecular Consequences of Two Unique p6Gag Mutations Derived from HIV-1 CRF07_BC-infected Patients

Cheng

Ablan²,

Freed³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background We previously observed that individuals infected with HIV-1 CRF07_BC showed slower disease progression than those infected with HIV-1 subtype B or CRF01_AE. CRF07_BC viruses carry two unique mutations in the p6 Gag protein: insertion of PTAPPE sequences downstream of the original Tsg101 binding domain, and deletion of a seven-amino-acid sequence ( 30 PIDKELY 36 ) that partially overlaps with the Alix binding domain. To further define the role of these mutations in virus release and replication, we introduced them into the HIV-1 proviral clone pNL4-3 for functional characterization. Results We found that the seven-amino-acid deletion, but not the PTAPPE insertion, significantly decreased virus release, Gag processing, and virus infectivity. The seven-amino-acid deletion also resulted in a virus replication defect in both T-cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We found that these defects were caused by the seven-amino-acid deletion in p6 Gag , especially deletion of Tyr-36 of p6 Gag , not the deletion of the overlapping p6* sequence in the HIV-1 GagPol protein. The p6 Gag deletion mutant was resistant to a dominant-negative Alix fragment, suggesting a loss of binding between p6 Gag and Alix. Conclusions Our results indicate that the patient-derived seven-amino-acid deletion in p6 Gag of HIV-1 CRF07_BC virus affects virus release, infectivity and replication capacity by disrupting the interaction between HIV-1 p6 Gag and host protein Alix. These results may explain the slower disease progression observed in the subjects infected with HIV-1 CRF07_BC bearing this unique mutation.

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Surging HIV‐1 CRF07_BC epidemic among recently infected men who have sex with men in Fujian, China

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Diversity of HIV-1 genotypes and high prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance in newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients in Shanghai, China

Diversity of HIV-1 genotypes and high prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance in newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients in Shanghai, China

Prevalence of HIV-1 Drug Resistance among Patients with Antiretroviral Therapy Failure in Sichuan, China, 2010-2016

Elucidation of the Molecular Consequences of Two Unique p6Gag Mutations Derived from HIV-1 CRF07_BC-infected Patients

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