Surra Sero K-SeT, a new immunochromatographic test for serodiagnosis of Trypanosoma evansi infection in domestic animals

Hadush, Birhanu; Rogé, Stijn; Simon, Thomas; Baelmans, R.; Gebremedhin, Tadesse; Goddeeris, Bruno; Büscher, Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.05.008

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…None of them, however, have been evaluated for their diagnostic accuracy in Trypanozoon infections in general, irrespective of the infecting trypanosome species and geographical origin. In case there is a need to detect T. evansi type A specific antibodies, a recombinant fragment of VSG RoTat 1.2, expressed in different systems, has shown its diagnostic potential [80, 87–89].…”

Section: How Can the Limited Specificity Of Current Diagnostics For Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Equine trypanosomosis: enigmas and diagnostic challenges

et al. 2019

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Equine trypanosomosis is a complex of infectious diseases called dourine, nagana and surra. It is caused by several species of the genus Trypanosoma that are transmitted cyclically by tsetse flies, mechanically by other haematophagous flies, or sexually. Trypanosoma congolense (subgenus Nannomonas ) and T. vivax (subgenus Dutonella ) are genetically and morphologically distinct from T. brucei , T. equiperdum and T. evansi (subgenus Trypanozoon ). It remains controversial whether the three latter taxa should be considered distinct species. Recent outbreaks of surra and dourine in Europe illustrate the risk and consequences of importation of equine trypanosomosis with infected animals into non-endemic countries. Knowledge on the epidemiological situation is fragmentary since many endemic countries do not report the diseases to the World Organisation for Animal Health, OIE. Other major obstacles to the control of equine trypanosomosis are the lack of vaccines, the inability of drugs to cure the neurological stage of the disease, the inconsistent case definition and the limitations of current diagnostics. Especially in view of the ever-increasing movement of horses around the globe, there is not only the obvious need for reliable curative and prophylactic drugs but also for accurate diagnostic tests and algorithms. Unfortunately, clinical signs are not pathognomonic, parasitological tests are not sufficiently sensitive, serological tests miss sensitivity or specificity, and molecular tests cannot distinguish the taxa within the Trypanozoon subgenus. To address the limitations of the current diagnostics for equine trypanosomosis, we recommend studies into improved molecular and serological tests with the highest possible sensitivity and specificity. We realise that this is an ambitious goal, but it is dictated by needs at the point of care. However, depending on available treatment options, it may not always be necessary to identify which trypanosome taxon is responsible for a given infection.

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Section: How Can the Limited Specificity Of Current Diagnostics For Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Equine trypanosomosis: enigmas and diagnostic challenges

et al. 2019

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“…Trypanosoma evansi is bloodborne protozoa that cause disease in several species and transmitted by hematophagous flies and vampire bats to cause surra, a serious disease of economic importance throughout the world [ 1 ]. Trypanosoma evansi could infect most mammals exhibiting different clinical characteristics [ 2 , 3 ]. In camels, horses, and dogs, the parasite causes acute infection causing high fever, weight loss, anemia, genital inflammation, neurological symptoms, and eventually death [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanosoma evansi evades host innate immunity by releasing extracellular vesicles to activate TLR2-AKT signaling pathway

Ran

Wang

et al. 2021

Virulence

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Surra, one of the most important animal diseases with economic consequences in Asia and South America, is caused by Trypanosoma evansi . However, the mechanism of immune evasion by T. evansi has not been extensively studied. In the present study, T. evansi extracellular vesicles (TeEVs) were characterized and the role of TeEVs in T. evansi infection were examined. The results showed that T. evansi and TeEVs could activate TLR2-AKT pathway to inhibit the secretions of IL-12p40, IL-6, and TNF-α in mouse BMDMs. TLR2 −/- mice and mice with a blocked AKT pathway were more resistant to T. evansi infection than wild type (WT) mice, with a significantly lower infection rate, longer survival time and less parasite load, as well as an increased secretion level of IL-12p40 and IFN-γ. Kinetoplastid membrane protein-11 (KMP-11) of TeEVs could activate AKT pathway and inhibit the productions of IL-12p40, TNF-α, and IL-6 in vitro . TeEVs and KMP-11 could inhibit the productions of IL-12p40 and IFN-γ, promote T. evansi proliferation and shorten the survival time of infected mice in vivo . In conclusion, T. evansi could escape host immune response through inhibiting the productions of inflammatory cytokines via secreting TeEVs to activate TLR2-AKT pathway. KMP-11 in TeEVs was involved in promoting T. evansi infection. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by Trypanosoma evansi ( T. evansi ) activate the TLR2-AKT signaling pathway to inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines, thereby escaping the host’s immune response. Kinetoplastid membrane protein-11 (KMP-11) in EVs is related to the promotion of T. evansi infection via AKT pathway.

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“…Since then, this parasite has been found to infect many more domestic and wild animals, such as bovines, small ruminants and dogs (Fernandez et al, 2009, Desquesnes et al, 2013. Surra is widespread throughout Africa (Hilali et al, 2004, Birhanu et al, 2015, Fikru et al, 2015; Asia (Tuntasuvan et al, 2003, Hasan et al, 2006; and Latin-America (Hoare, 1965) and even shows occasional outbreaks in Europe (Tamarit et al, 2010). The disease is transmitted mechanically by insect vectors such as Tabanus and Stomoxys (Luckins, 1988, Brun et al, 1998 and also by vampire bats (Desmondus rotundus) in South America (Desquesnes et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi in horses (Equus caballus) and donkeys (Equus asinus) in El-Bayadh district, southwestern Algeria

Benfodil

Ansel

Abdallah

et al. 2019

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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Trypanosoma evansi is a parasite that causes surra in a variety of wild and domestic animals and is mainly transmitted by biting flies in Africa, Asia and Latin-America. Horses infected by Trypanosoma evansi present a chronic weight loss, icterus, oedema, anemia, abortions and neurological troubles. Due to this parasite, cases of human trypanosomiosis have been reported in different countries by contacting with infected animals. In this study, 206 healthy equines (177 horses and 29 donkeys) from El-Bayadh district, located in southwest Algeria, were tested for the presence of parasites in blood using Giemsa-stained blood films and for the presence of antibodies against T. evansi using CATT /T. evansi. While none of the equines showed detectable parasites in the blood, the individual seroprevalence of T. evansi was found to be 46.6% (CI 95%, 40.7-54.4%). Out of 98 positives samples, 56.1% (55/98) were shown at level 1 (+), 27.5% (27/98) at level 2 (++) and 16.3% (16/98) at level 3 (+++). The results show that out of 177 tested horses, 80 were seropositive to T. evansi, 45.2% (CI 95%, 37.8-52.5%) and out of 29 tested donkeys, 18 were seropositive to T. evansi, 62.1% (CI 95%, 44.4-79.7%). A questionnaire for the owners, targeted to associate risk factors for surra in horses, showed that environmental factors that are favorable for Tabanids, such as water and vegetation, but also promiscuity with dromedaries were positively associated with the seroprevalence rate in the horses. El-Bayadh district is a highly endemic region for surra in Algeria.

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Surra Sero K-SeT, a new immunochromatographic test for serodiagnosis of Trypanosoma evansi infection in domestic animals

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Equine trypanosomosis: enigmas and diagnostic challenges

Equine trypanosomosis: enigmas and diagnostic challenges

Trypanosoma evansi evades host innate immunity by releasing extracellular vesicles to activate TLR2-AKT signaling pathway

Prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi in horses (Equus caballus) and donkeys (Equus asinus) in El-Bayadh district, southwestern Algeria

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