“…In each region, vehicles circulate at approximately the same average speed, and the traffic states are described by an MFD, that reflects the relationship between the number of vehicles (or accumulation) within the region and the average circulating flow (Daganzo, 2007;Geroliminis & Daganzo, 2008;Vickrey, 2020). The aggregated traffic models based on the MFD (Jin, 2020;Mariotte et al, 2020) have been used in a wide range of applications, including perimeter control strategies (Haddad & Zheng, 2018;He et al, 2019;Ren et al, 2020;Sirmatel & Geroliminis, 2019), route guidance Yildirimoglu & (c) example of paths on a regional network Geroliminis, 2014), pricing schemes (Gu et al, 2019;Yang et al, 2019), urban parking (Cao et al, 2019), and environmental control schemes (Ingole et al, 2020).…”