Survei nyamuk Culex sp. pada lingkungan sekitar penderita filariasis di Kabupaten Brebes

Abstract

Jumlah kasus filariasis di Kabupaten Brebes meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Penderita filariasis pada tahun 2016, 2017, dan 2018 berturut-turut terdapat 25, 54, dan 61 kasus filariasis di Kabupaten Brebes. Pada tahun 2018 Kabupaten Brebes menempati urutan kedua kasus filariasis terbanyak di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui gambaran kondisi lingkungan sekitar penderita, kepadatan nyamuk, angka dominasi, dan angka infeksi mikrofilaria nyamuk Culex sp. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode total sampling. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis univariat. Lingkungan fisik yang berisiko adalah genangan air, selokan, kandang ternak, dan semak-semak. Kepadatan nyamuk di tempat penelitian yang belum memenuhi persyaratan Permenkes No. 50 Tahun 2017 adalah Kecamatan Ketanggungan (Desa Ketanggungan, Dukuhturi, Karangmalang, Baros, Cikeusal Lor, dan Jemasih) serta Kecamatan Paguyangan (Desa Taraban). Nyamuk yang paling dominan adalah nyamuk Culex quinquefasciatus dengan angka dominasi sebesar 85,25%. Berdasarkan hasil pembedahan semua spesies nyamuk tidak mengandung mikrofilaria. Kami menyarankan dinas kesehatan setempat untuk melakukan pengelolaan lingkungan dan tindakan preventif untuk mencegah penularan filariasis.

A Review of Bed Nets Usage and Sewerage Conditions as Risk Factors for Lymphatic Filariasis in Developing Countries

“…Calculating the average mosquito density showed that the Culex quinquefasciatus species had the highest Man Hour Density (MHD). High MHD indicates a high chance of lymphatic filariasis transmission (42). Another research conducted in urban areas in Yaonde, Cameroon, Central Africa, which found that the species Culex quinquefasciatus was the most abundant, representing 79.4% of the total mosquitoes identified and was the most dominant species throughout the year due to its high adaptability (43).…”

“…This biting behavior can be seen as related to the time of biting and biting behavior patterns in mosquitoes. This provides important information regarding further policy decisions to be taken to eradicate the disease (42). There is a relationship between the habit of using mosquito nets and the incidence of filariasis in Bariton Kuala.…”

“…Outdoor activities during the night are one of the triggers caused by host-related factors (44). Nighttime outdoor activities can occur as a result of sociocultural conditions, wherein individuals frequently go out of their homes to chat, watch television together outside, or engage in activities such as sitting in stalls throughout the night (23,42). The habit of staying out late at night has been linked to an increased risk of filariasis in multiple studies (7,12,23,35,42).…”

“…Nighttime outdoor activities can occur as a result of sociocultural conditions, wherein individuals frequently go out of their homes to chat, watch television together outside, or engage in activities such as sitting in stalls throughout the night (23,42). The habit of staying out late at night has been linked to an increased risk of filariasis in multiple studies (7,12,23,35,42). This is generally caused by jobrelated activities that extend into the late hours or the habit of gathering outside the home at night.…”

“…Mosquito breeding sites were found in open drainage systems, bird drinking bowls, dispensers, bathtubs, stagnant water on the ground and calm rivers (57). In another study in Brebes, Central Java, Indonesia, the distance between breeding places and houses with lymphatic filariasis was 151.15 meters (42). Closer distances between breeding places and houses will increase the chances of contact between humans and lymphatic filariasis vectors through mosquito bites (49).…”