Surveillance and control of Trypanosoma evansi in the canary Islands: A descriptive analysis

Tejedor-Junco, María Teresa; Henríquez, Adrián Melián; Puerto, Pedro Peláez; Ramos, María Dolores Burguete; González-Martín, Margarita; Doreste, Manuel Francisco Morales; Gimonneau, Geoffrey; Desquesnes, Marc; Martel, Sergio Martín; Corbera, Juan Alberto

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106990

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It has been proven that CATT was very sensitive to demonstrate the presence of positive antibody to T. evansi in buffalo (Farida et al 2022). However, CATT results cannot confirm whether the infection is active or not, in some cases the animal had infected by T. evansi and the agent was no longer present in the animal, therefore the CATT should be confirmed with PCR for an eradication program purpose (Tejedor-Junco et al 2023). Likewise, antibodies can last for 2.3-22.6 months after trypanocide treatment, so that serological reactions are not necessarily the result of an active T evansi reaction at that time (Monzon et al 2003;Elshafie et al 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into Trypanosoma evansi Infection in Horses in East Sumba-Indonesia

2024

Int J Vet Sci

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Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) is a blood parasite, the causative agent of Trypanosomiasis (Surra) in many animal species primarily horses. In Indonesia, surra is a major disease of horses causing a catastrophic outbreak in Sumba Island killed thousands of horses during 2010-2012. Diagnosis of the disease is frequently based on parasitological technique. The aims of this study were to investigate T. evansi infection using both serological, parasitological and hematological techniques in horses in East Sumba. A total of 270 blood samples were randomly collected from both sexes of the healthy-looking animals for serum tested with Card Agglutination Test for Trypanosomiasis (CATT), and blood smear for detecting the presence of the parasite and for the leukocyte sub-population respectively. The results showed that 24.81% (67/270) of the samples were positive antibody to T. evansi antigen, and only 2.2% (6/270) of the serologically positive samples were also confirmed positive with the parasite. The leukocytes sub-population of the parasite-positive animals consisted of lymphocytes 60-98% (82.17 ± 14.43%), monocyte 0-4% (1.5 ± 1.76%), neutrophiles 0-40% (16.17±14.57%), eosinophils 0% and basophils 0-1% (0.17±0.41%) respectively. It was concluded that the seroprevalence of investigated animals were almost 25%, 2.2% of them suffered with parasitemia, lymphocytosis and neutropenia. This data suggesting a positive correlation between the applied tests, and it was considered as a novel diagnostic confirmation regarding Surra infection in the region.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into Trypanosoma evansi Infection in Horses in East Sumba-Indonesia

2024

Int J Vet Sci

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“…Positive animals were isolated and, in some cases, euthanised to prevent further transmission. The results of this programme were satisfactory, with only four animals testing positive serologically for T. evansi and no positive cases observed via PCR as of March 2022 [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Additionally, the atlas includes five unpublished datasets collected by the Department of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries of the Government of the Canary Islands. These datasets were gathered as part of their disease control efforts, including a comprehensive dromedary census on the islands conducted since 2018 [36]. All these sources cover specific regions of the Canary Islands, mostly the eastern islands, as well as a particular area of the Iberian Peninsula where Surra was diagnosed.…”

Section: Data Sources and Development Of The Atlasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hypothesis that T. evansi was introduced to the islands from abroad is supported by the historically imported dromedaries from North African regions such as Morocco and Mauritania for agricultural and transport-related activities [35]. Following the discovery of T. evansi in the Canary Islands, several epidemiological studies were conducted to assess the prevalence of the disease in the local dromedary population [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…evansi) and 36 (4.8%) resulted positive. Seven samples also tested positive on parasitological tests, mainly Giemsa-stained blood smears and micro-Haematocrit Centrifugation Technique (m-HCT) [7,[36][37][38][39]. Subsequently, in the 2000s, an antibody Ab-ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay) seroprevalence study was conducted on 444 samples of dromedaries from the islands of Fuerteventura, Lanzarote, Tenerife and Gran Canaria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Atlas of Surra in Spain: A Tool to Support Epidemiological Investigations and Disease Control

Henríquez,

Tejedor-Junco,

González-Martín

et al. 2024

Animals

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Trypanosomosis is a global animal issue, causing significant economic losses, particularly in Africa. In Spain, only one pathogenic species, Trypanosoma evansi, has been identified so far. It was first detected in a dromedary camel in the Canary Islands in 1997. Since then, numerous cases of the disease, known as Surra, have been diagnosed, prompting various studies and efforts in control and surveillance. Given the lack of a comprehensive database that consolidates the most relevant data in this area, the development of a national atlas, with a focus on the Canary Islands, to incorporate all available information on T. evansi in Spain became a necessity. For the development of the atlas, a repository was constructed, encompassing a range of datasets and documents spanning from 1997 to 2022. Information from each source, and in particular georeferenced locations and results of blood tests on animals, were extracted and integrated into a comprehensive database. A total of 31 sources were analysed, providing a total of 99 georeferenced locations and 12,433 animal samples. Out of these samples, 601 (mostly from dromedaries) were found to be positive for T. evansi. The Card Agglutination Test for T. evansi (CATT/T. evansi), a serological test, was the most commonly used diagnostic method, and it showed a higher prevalence for all tested animal species. Positive cases were mainly concentrated in the Canary Islands, specifically in the eastern islands, with isolated cases found in the province of Alicante (Iberian Peninsula). This atlas provides an overview of the history and occurrence of Surra in Spain, and it represents a valuable tool for future control initiatives and for research. Still, the need for more studies remains, especially for further testing of potential hosts other than camelids and for the examination of their potential transmission vectors.

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Iatrogenic transmission of Trypanosoma evansi infection in camels and its consequences

Kim,

Nasef,

Pallakkan

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Trypanosoma evansi infection has started to become a wide spread phenomena around the camel-rearing areas of North Africa and the Middle East. The disease caused by trypanosomes is locally known as “Surra” and it can seriously impact not only the health of domestic animals but the local economy as well. After taking over the management of a farm containing approximately 700 camels, it was found that a large number were suffering from trypanosome infection and it was of the utmost importance to find the source of this infection. An extensive dive into the records and observations were initially made to identify the infected population. Under closer inspection it was found that the infection was limited mostly to female individuals that had undergone extended reproductive analysis or treatment. Blood samples were taken from each of the individuals for buffy coat test and blood smears. Among the total number of tested camels (n = 590), almost 40% were infected with trypanosomes. The number and percentage of infection correlate with the number of fertility and pregnancy treatments that the camels had undergone. The most severely infected group, underwent between 17 and 20 instances of treatment or tests, had an infection rate of almost 90%. The devastating effect of trypanosomiasis on camel pregnancy and birth were also verified with 61% of all abortions and 82% of all neonatal deaths coming from trypanosome infected individuals. These results clearly demonstrate how damaging iatrogenic infections of T. evansi can be and how simply they could have been prevented.

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Surveillance and control of Trypanosoma evansi in the canary Islands: A descriptive analysis

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Investigation into Trypanosoma evansi Infection in Horses in East Sumba-Indonesia

Investigation into Trypanosoma evansi Infection in Horses in East Sumba-Indonesia

An Atlas of Surra in Spain: A Tool to Support Epidemiological Investigations and Disease Control

Iatrogenic transmission of Trypanosoma evansi infection in camels and its consequences

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