2009
DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v1.i1.48
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Surveillance and diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis

Abstract: Early identification of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is more frequent because of surveillance programs for HCC worldwide. The optimal strategy of surveillance in cirrhosis is a current topical issue. In terms of diagnosis, recent advances in non-invasive imaging technology, including various techniques of harmonic ultrasound, new ultrasound contrast agents, multislice helical computed tomography and rapid high quality magnetic resonance, have all improved the accuracy of diagnosis. Consequently the role of l… Show more

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Cited by 20 publications
(18 citation statements)
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References 168 publications
(232 reference statements)
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“…The examination has an acceptable sensitivity which increases with the tumor size. Sensitivity varies between 42% for lesions <1 cm and 95% for tumors larger than 1 cm, and specificity can reach 90% (Andreana et al, 2009). Optimal time interval for ultrasound screening of "at risk" population is 6 months as it results from clinical trials that investigated the tumor size doubling time (Bruix, 2005;Maruyama et al, 2008).…”
Section: The Ultrasound Value In Hcc "Screening"mentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The examination has an acceptable sensitivity which increases with the tumor size. Sensitivity varies between 42% for lesions <1 cm and 95% for tumors larger than 1 cm, and specificity can reach 90% (Andreana et al, 2009). Optimal time interval for ultrasound screening of "at risk" population is 6 months as it results from clinical trials that investigated the tumor size doubling time (Bruix, 2005;Maruyama et al, 2008).…”
Section: The Ultrasound Value In Hcc "Screening"mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There are studies showing that between 59-94% of newly diagnosed liver nodules in cirrhotic patients have malignant histology and up to 50% of hyperechoic lesions, with ultrasound appearance of hemangioma, ultimately prove to be hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, current practice in many centers considers that any new lesion revealed in a cirrhotic patient should be regarded as malignant until otherwise proven (Andreana et al, 2009). There are three categories of cirrhotic liver nodules: regenerative, dysplastic (considered as premalignant conditions) and tumoral (HCC) (Int WP, 1995).…”
Section: Preneoplastic Status Cirrhotic Liver Monitoringmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The potential benefit of combining US with AFP for detection of early stage HCC was reported in the previously mentioned meta-analysis by Singal et al (2009). Therefore, the combination of AFP and US is indeed an indispensable method for the surveillance of HCC in patients with cirrhosis (Andea et al, 2009).…”
Section: Diagnosismentioning
confidence: 89%
“…Surprisingly, their prognosis was not worse than other patients despite a median 6.5-month period from ultrasonography to recall procedures. This might be explained by the situation in which many benign tumors including hemangioma or regeneration/dysplastic nodules would share the ultrasonographic features of early HCC [15]; in this case, the majority of recall procedures would be negative despite some early malignancy were unable to excluded solely by ultrasonography. Besides, this Group might contain few patients who did not receive a timely confirmation study that might have been done earlier.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%