Surveillance and Response Strategy in the Malaria Post-elimination Stage

Yang, Fa-Zhu; Yap, Peiling; Zhang, Shanying; Xie, Han-guo; Ouyang, Rong; Lin, Yao-Ying; ZhuYun, Chen

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800869-0.00007-x

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Poor performance in awareness, attitudes and practices of international labourers from rural areas, low capacity for malaria diagnosis in lower-level administrative healthcare institutions, and infrequency of malaria cases make these challenging characteristics of imported malaria in China [16,20,30]. A critical problem has been observed after a literature review of the challenge to tackle imported malaria in China [30,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. It is well known that China's strong healthcare system has wiped out a severe local malaria epidemic through mass intervention and specific strategies, which defines superiority in medical resources of China [41][42][43][44][45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of imported malaria cases and healthcare institutions in central China, 2012–2017: application of decision tree analysis

Wang

Cao

et al. 2019

Malar J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Imported malaria has been an important challenge for China. Fatality rates from malaria increased in China, particularly in Henan Province, primarily due to malpractice and misdiagnoses in healthcare institutions, and the level of imported malaria. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the state of diagnosis and subsequent complications among imported malaria cases at healthcare institutions, based on malaria surveillance data in Henan Province from 2012 to 2017. Methods: A retrospective descriptive analysis was performed using data from the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou City, the capital of Henan Province. A decision tree method was exploited to provide valuable insight into the correlation between imported malaria cases and healthcare institutions. Results: From 2012 to 2017, there were 371 imported malaria cases, mostly in males aged between 20 and 50 years, including 319 Plasmodium falciparum cases. First visits of 32.3%, 19.9% and 15.9% malaria cases for treatment were to provincial, municipal and county healthcare institutions, respectively. The time interval between onset and initial diagnosis of 284 cases (76.5%) and the time interval between initial diagnosis and final diagnosis of 197 cases (53.1%) was no more than 72 h. An apparent trend was found that there were notably fewer patients misdiagnosed at first visit to healthcare institutions of a higher administrative level; 12.5% of cases were misdiagnosed in provincial healthcare institutions compared to 98.2% in private clinics, leading to fewer complications at healthcare institutions of higher administrative level due to correct initial diagnosis. In the tree model, the rank of healthcare facilities for initial diagnosis, and number of days between onset and initial diagnosis, made a major contribution to the classification of initial diagnosis, which subsequently became the most significant factor influencing complications developed in the second tree model. The classification accuracy were 82.2 and 74.1%, respectively for the tree models of initial diagnosis and complications developed. Conclusion: Inadequate seeking medical care by imported malaria patients, and insufficient capacity to diagnose malaria by healthcare institutions of lower administrative level were identified as major factors influencing complications of imported malaria cases in Henan Province. The lack of connection between uncommon imported malaria

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of imported malaria cases and healthcare institutions in central China, 2012–2017: application of decision tree analysis

Wang

Cao

et al. 2019

Malar J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In China, the national malaria surveillance program consists of two systems: National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting Information System (NIDRIS) and Malaria Enhanced Surveillance Information System (MESIS), both of which were developed by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) [ 10 , 13 – 15 ]. NIDRIS was established in 2004, through which 39 notifiable infectious diseases were reported.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative evaluation of the diagnosis, reporting and investigation of malaria cases in China, 2005–2014: transition from control to elimination for the national malaria programme

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThe elimination of malaria requires high-quality surveillance data to enable rapid detection and response to individual cases. Evaluation of the performance of a national malaria surveillance system could identify shortcomings which, if addressed, will improve the surveillance program for malaria elimination.MethodsCase-level data for the period 2005–2014 were extracted from the China National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting Information System and Malaria Enhanced Surveillance Information System. The occurrence of cases, accuracy and timeliness of case diagnosis, reporting and investigation, were assessed and compared between the malaria control stage (2005–2010) and elimination stage (2011–2014) in mainland China.ResultsA total of 210 730 malaria cases were reported in mainland China in 2005–2014. The average annual incidence declined dramatically from 2.5 per 100 000 people at the control stage to 0.2 per 100 000 at the elimination stage, but the proportion of migrant cases increased from 9.8 % to 41.0 %. Since the initiation of the National Malaria Elimination Programme in 2010, the overall proportion of cases diagnosed by laboratory testing consistently improved, with the highest of 99.0 % in 2014. However, this proportion was significantly lower in non-endemic provinces (79.0 %) than that in endemic provinces (91.4 %) during 2011–2014. The median interval from illness onset to diagnosis was 3 days at the elimination stage, with one day earlier than that at the control stage. Since 2011, more than 99 % cases were reported within 1 day after being diagnosed, while the proportion of cases that were reported within one day after diagnosis was lowest in Tibet (37.5 %). The predominant source of cases reporting shifted from town-level hospitals at the control stage (67.9 % cases) to city-level hospitals and public health institutes at the eliminate stage (69.4 % cases). The proportion of investigation within 3 days after case reporting has improved, from 74.6 % in 2010 to 98.5 % in 2014.ConclusionsThe individual case-based malaria surveillance system in China operated well during the malaria elimination stage. This ensured that malaria cases could be diagnosed, reported and timely investigated at local level. However, domestic migrants and overseas populations, as well as cases in the historically malarial non-endemic areas and hard-to-reach area are new challenges in the surveillance for malaria elimination.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0163-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

China’s 1-3-7 surveillance and response strategy for malaria elimination: Is case reporting, investigation and foci response happening according to plan?

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2015

Infect Dis Poverty

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThe China’s 1-3-7 strategy was initiated and extensively adopted in different types of counties (geographic regions) for reporting of malaria cases within 1 day, their confirmation and investigation within 3 days, and the appropriate public health response to prevent further transmission within 7 days. Assessing the level of compliance to the 1-3-7 strategy at the county level is a first step towards determining whether the surveillance and response strategy is happening according to plan. This study assessed if the time-bound targets of the 1-3-7 strategy were being sustained over time. Such information would be useful to improve implementation of the 1-3-7 strategy in China.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved country-wide programmatic data for the period January 1st 2013 to June 30th 2014. Data variables were extracted from the national malaria information system and included socio-demographic information, type of county, date of diagnosis, date of reporting, date of case investigation, case classification (indigenous, or imported, or unknown), focus investigation, date of reactive case detection (RACD), and date of indoor residual spraying (IRS). Summary statistics and proportions were used and comparisons between groups were assessed using the chi-square test. Level of significance was set at a P-value ≤ 0.05.ResultsOf a total of 5,688 malaria cases from 731 counties, there were 55 (1 %) indigenous cases (only in Type 1 and Type 2 counties) and 5,633 (99 %) imported cases from all types of counties. There was no delay in reporting malaria cases by type of county. In terms of case investigation, 97.5 % cases were investigated within 3 days with the proportion of delays (1.5 %) in type 2 counties, being significantly lower than type 1 counties (4.1 %). Regarding active foci, 96.4 % were treated by RACD and/or IRS.ConclusionsThe performance of 1-3-7 strategy was encouraging but identified some challenges that if addressed can further improve implementation.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-015-0089-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

Surveillance and Response Strategy in the Malaria Post-elimination Stage

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Management of imported malaria cases and healthcare institutions in central China, 2012–2017: application of decision tree analysis

Management of imported malaria cases and healthcare institutions in central China, 2012–2017: application of decision tree analysis

Comparative evaluation of the diagnosis, reporting and investigation of malaria cases in China, 2005–2014: transition from control to elimination for the national malaria programme

China’s 1-3-7 surveillance and response strategy for malaria elimination: Is case reporting, investigation and foci response happening according to plan?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About