Surveillance for Foodborne Diseases

Scallan, Elaine; Angulo, Frederick J.

doi:10.1002/9780470692097.ch5

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Serotyping or molecular subtyping of pathogens provides important epidemiological data about the infectious agent [13]. This is valuable information contributing to the investigation of the source and risk of infection and the design of effective intervention strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In laboratory-based surveillance, collaboration among national and international laboratories enables sharing of various types of epidemiological and pathogen-specific information to produce high quality data. Serotyping or molecular subtyping of pathogens provides important epidemiological data about the infectious agent [ 13 ]. This is valuable information contributing to the investigation of the source and risk of infection and the design of effective intervention strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conceptualising the technical relationship of animal disease surveillance to intervention and mitigation as a basis for economic analysis

Häsler

Howe

Stärk

2011

BMC Health Serv Res

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BackgroundSurveillance and intervention are resource-using activities of strategies to mitigate the unwanted effects of disease. Resources are scarce, and allocating them to disease mitigation instead of other uses necessarily involves the loss of alternative sources of benefit to people. For society to obtain the maximum benefits from using resources, the gains from disease mitigation must be compared to the resource costs, guiding decisions made with the objective of achieving the optimal net outcome.DiscussionEconomics provides criteria to guide decisions aimed at optimising the net benefits from the use of scarce resources. Assessing the benefits of disease mitigation is no exception. However, the technical complexity of mitigation means that economic evaluation is not straightforward because of the technical relationship of surveillance to intervention. We argue that analysis of the magnitudes and distribution of benefits and costs for any given strategy, and hence the outcome in net terms, requires that mitigation is considered in three conceptually distinct stages. In Stage I, 'sustainment', the mitigation objective is to sustain a free or acceptable status by preventing an increase of a pathogen or eliminating it when it occurs. The role of surveillance is to document that the pathogen remains below a defined threshold, giving early warning of an increase in incidence or other significant changes in risk, and enabling early response. If a pathogen is not contained, the situation needs to be assessed as Stage II, 'investigation'. Here, surveillance obtains critical epidemiological information to decide on the appropriate intervention strategy to reduce or eradicate a disease in Stage III, 'implementation'. Stage III surveillance informs the choice, timing, and scale of interventions and documents the progress of interventions directed at prevalence reduction in the population.SummaryThis article originates from a research project to develop a conceptual framework and practical tool for the economic evaluation of surveillance. Exploring the technical relationship between mitigation as a source of economic value and surveillance and intervention as sources of economic cost is crucial. A framework linking the key technical relationships is proposed. Three conceptually distinct stages of mitigation are identified. Avian influenza, salmonella, and foot and mouth disease are presented to illustrate the framework.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptualising the technical relationship of animal disease surveillance to intervention and mitigation as a basis for economic analysis

Häsler

Howe

Stärk

2011

BMC Health Serv Res

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“…wide and everyone in the world is at risk of this disease, whether in developing or developed countries (WHO, 2008). Although the improvements in water sanitation, hygiene, and the safety of the food supply have greatly reduced the number of deaths morbidity remains high (Scallan & Angulo, 2007). The consume of contaminated food is responsible for 600 million ill people/year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Students’ perceptions of a food safety and quality e-learning course: a CASE study for a MSC in food consumption

Vaz-Fernandes

Caeiro

2019

Int J Educ Technol High Educ

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Life long training and education in food safety is a crucial issue in particular for professionals working in the field. At the same time there is a need to evaluate the effectiveness of that training in particular when is given in e-learning. The purpose of this explorative work is to evaluate the Food Safety and Quality e-learning course within a Master program offered in the National Distance Learning University in Portugal. Following a case study methodology a mixed methods approached was used, based on an online questionnaire survey to students that enrolled the course, followed by a Focus Group Discussion to better discuss the weak points addressed by the students in the questionnaire. The questionnaire aimed to assess students perceptions about the course organization, recourses, assignments, acquired competences, change attitudes and behaviour and link with the professional activity Students who enrolled the course during 2016/17 and 2017/18 were surveyed in the fourth semester of the curricular year, in the period of development of the master thesis dissertation. In addition a quantitative analysis was conducted in the temporal distributions of messages published on the Moodle platform (learning analytics) to evaluate students' interactions and engagement during the course. This study has shown that overall, students are very satisfied with the course, however they suggested improvements that are needed considering the pedagogical model used and their availability to learn as students with full time jobs, most related with the food science. This explorative research aimed to contribute to the improvement of food safety and quality training based also on recent tools and recommendations within e-learning in science education.

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“…Listeria monocytogenes (LM), a pathogenic bacterium that is found in the natural environment (18), has been linked to foodborne disease outbreaks that often have high case-fatality rates (19). Over the past 10 years, LM has been implicated in outbreaks tied to produce, including outbreaks linked to melons, packaged salads, and caramel apples (3,8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Detection and Prevalence of Listeria in U.S. Produce Packinghouses and Fresh-Cut Facilities

Sullivan

Wiedmann

2020

Journal of Food Protection

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Listeria monocytogenes (LM) contamination of produce can often be traced back to the environment of packinghouses and fresh-cut facilities. As there is limited information on the detection, prevalence, and distribution of this pathogen in produce operations, environmental “routine sampling” plans for LM and other Listeria spp. were developed and implemented in three packinghouses and five fresh-cut facilities in the US. For “routine sampling”, a total of 2,014 sponge samples were collected over 6 - 8 separate samplings per operation, performed over one year; vector and pre-production samples (n=156) were also collected as needed to follow up on positive findings. In addition, a single “validation sampling” visit by an outside expert was used to evaluate the routine sampling. Among the 2,014 routine sponge samples collected, 35 and 30 were positive for LM and Listeria species other than LM (“LS”), respectively. LM prevalence varied from 0.8% to 5.8% for packinghouses and <0.4% to 1.6% for fresh-cut facilities. Among the 394 validation sponge samples, 23 and 13 were positive for LM and LS, respectively. Validation sampling found statistically significantly higher LM prevalence compared to routine sampling for 3/8 operations. For all samples collected, up to eight isolates per sample were characterized by sequencing of sigB, which allowed for classification into sigB allelic types. Among the 97 samples with more than one Listeria isolate characterized, 28 had more than one sigB allelic type present, including 18 sponges that were positive for LM and another Listeria spp and 13 sponges that were positive for more than one LM subtype. This indicates that collection of multiple isolates is necessary to capture Listeria diversity present in produce operations. Additionally, 17/77 sponges that were positive for LM were positive at only one enrichment time (i.e., 24 or 48h), indicating that LM testing after two different enrichment times provides enhanced sensitivity.

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Surveillance for Foodborne Diseases

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Conceptualising the technical relationship of animal disease surveillance to intervention and mitigation as a basis for economic analysis

Conceptualising the technical relationship of animal disease surveillance to intervention and mitigation as a basis for economic analysis

Students’ perceptions of a food safety and quality e-learning course: a CASE study for a MSC in food consumption

Detection and Prevalence of Listeria in U.S. Produce Packinghouses and Fresh-Cut Facilities

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