Surveillance for severe community-associated methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> infection

Wiersma, Petra; D’Angelo, Melissa Tobin; Daley, W. Randolph; Tuttle, Jessica; Arnold, Kathryn E.; Ray, Susan M.; Ladson, J.; Bulens, Sandra N.; Drenzek, Cherie

doi:10.1017/s0950268809002490

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Another study showed an increase in S. aureus bacteraemia during the 2009–2010 pandemic H1N1 seasons (compared with influenza seasons in previous years) but not during the regular influenza seasons of 2006–2009 (when compared with other seasons of the year) [35]. Seasonal variation in mortality from S. aureus infection was assessed in two studies; both studies found a higher mortality in winter [21,38].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these, 13 studies were performed with the specific objective of assessing S. aureus seasonality [4,9,[11][12][13][14]16,18,22,28,30,34,35] and the remaining studies assessed seasonal occurrence as a secondary objective. There were 13 multi-centre studies [7][8][9]11,15,18,21,24,31,35,36,38,41] and the remaining studies were performed at a single institution.…”

Section: Quality Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonality of staphylococcal infections

Leekha

Diekema

Perencevich

2012

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

118

104

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Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18: 927–933 Abstract Characterization of seasonal variation of Staphylococcus aureus is important in understanding the epidemiology of, and designing preventive strategies against this highly virulent and ever‐evolving pathogen. In this review, we summarize the findings of epidemiological studies that have evaluated seasonality in S. aureus colonization and infection. Although most studies published to date are methodologically weak, some seasonal variation in the occurrence of S. aureus infection appears to exist, particularly an association of warm‐weather months with S. aureus skin and soft‐tissue infections. We highlight the limitations of the published literature, and provide suggestions for future studies on this topic.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Quality Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality of staphylococcal infections

Leekha

Diekema

Perencevich

2012

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

118

104

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“…Patients with necrotizing CA-MRSA pneumonia present with hemoptysis, leukopenia, high fever and cavitary lung lesions (22). These patients have an odds ratio of dying of 11.3 (95% CI, 5.6 to 23) compared to other severe CA-MRSA infections (1, 23). One study reported a 56% mortality rate for CA-MRSA pneumonia with a median age of 14.5 (1, 24).…”

Section: Resistant Pathogens and Fungimentioning

confidence: 96%

Resistant Pathogens, Fungi, and Viruses

Guidry

Mansfield

Sawyer

et al. 2014

Surgical Clinics of North America

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The first reports of antibiotic pathogens occurred a few short years after the introduction of these powerful new agents, heralding a new kind of war between medicine and pathogens. Although originally described in Staphylococcus aureus, resistance among bacteria has now become a grim race to determine which classes of bacteria will become more resistant, pitting the Gram positive staphylococci, enterococci, and streptococci against the increasingly resistant Gram negative pathogens, e. g., carbapenemase-resistant enterobacteriaceae. In addition, the availability of antibacterial agents has allowed the development of whole new kinds of diseases caused by non-bacterial pathogens, related largely to fungi that are inherently resistant to antibacterials. All of these organisms are becoming more prevalent and, ultimately, more clinically relevant for surgeons. It is ironic that despite their ubiquity in our communities, there is seldom a second thought given to viral infections in patients with surgical illness. The extent of most surgeon’s interest in viral infections ends with hepatitis and HIV, no doubt related to transmissibility as well as the implications that these viruses might have in a patient’s hepatic or immune functions. There are chapters and even textbooks written about these viruses so these will not be considered here. Instead, we will present the growing body of knowledge of the herpes family viruses and their occurrence and consequences in patients with concomitant surgical disease or critical illness. We have also chosen to focus this chapter on previously immune competent patients, as the impact of herpes family viruses in immunosuppressed patients such as transplant or AIDS patients has received thorough treatment elsewhere.

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“…aureus is the most significant nosocomial pathogen, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains, which caused approximately 19,000 deaths in 2005 in the United States (2, 11), have recently emerged in the community, causing an inordinate number of skin and soft tissue infections in otherwise healthy populations (13,15).…”

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confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureus YoeB Homologues Inhibit Translation Initiation

et al. 2009

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YoeB is a bacterial toxin encoded by the yefM-yoeB toxin-antitoxin system found in various bacterial genomes. Here, we show that Staphylococcus aureus contains two YoeB homologues, both of which function as ribosome-dependent mRNA interferases to inhibit translation initiation in a manner identical to that of YoeB-ec from Escherichia coli.Escherichia coli contains a number of toxin-antitoxin systems (1,12). Among these, MazF(19,20), chpBK (21), and PemK (17) are known to be sequence-specific mRNA interferases (16). Other toxins, such as RelE (4,9,14) and YoeB (3,5,18), also cleave mRNAs. RelE is a ribosome-associating factor and has no endoribonuclease activity by itself (4,9,14). Recently, we have demonstrated that YoeB is a 50S ribosome-associating factor and a potent inhibitor for translation initiation (18). It binds to the A site of the mRNA-ribosome initiation complex to block translation initiation. This results in partial cleavage of the mRNA at 3 bases downstream of the initiation codon regardless of the sequence of the mRNA. YoeB appears to have very weak intrinsic endoribonuclease activity (10), and it has been shown that this activity is not responsible for inhibition of protein synthesis (18). On the basis of these results, YoeB and RelE may be classified as ribosome-dependent mRNA interferases (16). To explore the enzymatic function of YoeB homologues in a clinically significant gram-positive species, we attempted to characterize YoeB homologues from Staphylococcus aureus. Here, we describe that YoeB-sa1 and YoeB-sa2 from S. aureus function as translation initiation inhibitors in an identical manner to that of YoeB-ec from E. coli.S. aureus is the most significant nosocomial pathogen, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains, which caused approximately 19,000 deaths in 2005 in the United States (2, 11), have recently emerged in the community, causing an inordinate number of skin and soft tissue infections in otherwise healthy populations (13,15).In contrast to the large array of toxin-antitoxin systems in E. coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1, 12), a BLAST search identified one mazE-mazF-like operon and two yefM-yoeB-like operons in the S. aureus genome (8, 12). A MazF homologue in S. aureus (MazF-sa) has been shown to be an mRNA interferase (7), and recently its pentad recognition cleavage sequence has been determined to be UACAU (22). Its unusual abundance (43 cleavage sites) in the gene sraP, which is one of the crucial adhesive factors involved in adhesion of this pathogen to human platelets, suggests that MazF-sa may be involved in the pathogenicity of this bacterium (22). These yefM-yoeB operons in S. aureus (yefM-yoeB-sa1 and yefM-yoeB-sa2), previously identified as the axe1-txe1 and axe2-txe2 operons, respectively, were shown to be autoregulated and their transcriptions were reported to be stimulated by the addition of antibiotics, such as erythromycin and tetracycline (6).As shown in Fig. 1A, both YefM-sa1 and YefM-sa2 show significant identity (42 and 25%) and homology (57 and 46%)...

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Surveillance for severe community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection

Cited by 18 publications

References 5 publications

Seasonality of staphylococcal infections

Seasonality of staphylococcal infections

Resistant Pathogens, Fungi, and Viruses

Staphylococcus aureus YoeB Homologues Inhibit Translation Initiation

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