Surveillance methods to determine tree health distribution of kauri dieback disease and associated pathogens

Waipara, Nick; Hill, Samantha L. L.; Hill, L.M.W.; Hough, Emerson; Horner, I.J.

doi:10.30843/nzpp.2013.66.5671

Cited by 56 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…To identify potential targets for genetic testing, publically available Phytophthora and Pythium mitochondrial genome sequences were obtained from the NCBI RefSeq database [7]. This sample included all five Phytophthora species reported from kauri forests [1,3], all currently recognized representatives of Phytophthora clade 5 [8], and two accessions of P. agathidicida [8]. A list of species and accession numbers for publicly available sequence data are provided in S1 Table. Comparisons of whole mitochondrial genome sequences for recognized Phytophthora clade 5 species have shown these genomes to be co-linear (Winkworth et al, in prep).…”

Section: Target Region Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This soil-borne pathogen causes a collar rot that results in yellowing of the foliage, bleeding cankers on the lower trunk, thinning of the canopy and eventually in tree death. Initially reported from Great Barrier Island in the early 1970's [2], since the late 1990's the disease has spread rapidly across northern New Zealand [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A further five Phytophthora species have been reported from kauri forest soils. Specifically, P. [1,3]. Other oomycetes, including several Pythium (Pythiaceae) species, have also been reported from kauri forest soils [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A LAMP at the end of the tunnel: a rapid, field deployable assay for the kauri dieback pathogen,Phytophthora agathidicida

Winkworth¹,

Nelson²,

Bellgard

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The collar rot causing oomycete, Phytophthora agathidicida, threatens the long-term survival of the iconic New Zealand kauri. Currently, testing for this pathogen involves an extended soil bioassay that takes 14-20 days and requires specialised staff, consumables, and infrastructure. Here we describe a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the detection of P. agathidicida that targets a portion of the mitochondrial apocytochrome b coding sequence. This assay has high specificity and sensitivity; it did not cross react with a range of other Phytophthora isolates and detected as little as 1 fg of total P. agathidicida DNA or 116 copies of the target locus. Assay performance was further investigated by testing plant tissue baits from flooded soil samples using both the extended bioassay and LAMP testing of DNA extracted from baits. In these comparisons, P. agathidicida was detected more frequently using the LAMP assay. In addition to greater sensitivity, by removing the need for culturing, the hybrid baiting plus LAMP approach is more cost effective than the bioassay and, importantly, does not require a centralised laboratory facility with specialised staff, consumables, and equipment. Such testing will allow us to address outstanding questions about P. agathidicida. For example, the hybrid approach could enable monitoring of the pathogen beyond areas with visible disease symptoms, allow direct evaluation of rates and patterns of spread, and allow the effectiveness of disease control to be evaluated. The hybrid assay also has the potential to empower local communities. These communities could use this diagnostic tool to evaluate the pathogen status of local kauri stands, providing information around which to base their management and allowing informed engagement with wider initiatives.

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Section: Target Region Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A LAMP at the end of the tunnel: a rapid, field deployable assay for the kauri dieback pathogen,Phytophthora agathidicida

Winkworth¹,

Nelson²,

Bellgard

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…This disease, caused by the oomycete (water mould) Phytophthora 'taxon Agathis', poses an existential threat to kauri (Agathis australis), an iconic NZ species. Effective management of kauri dieback requires an improved understanding of its etiology, with current research efforts including field surveys of potential kauri pathogens (Waipara et al 2013) and glasshouse trials to establish pathogenicity (Horner et al 2014).…”

Section: Microbial Ecology Of Terrestrial Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial ecology research in New Zealand

Stott¹,

Taylor²

2016

NZ J Ecol

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There are very few, if any, ecosystems that are not profoundly influenced by the activity of microbial communities. Microorganisms, encompassing domains Bacteria and Archaea as well as microscopic members of the Eukarya such as protozoa, yeasts and many other fungi, are tremendously abundant and contribute significantly to the major biogeochemical processes. In the last decade, technological advances in DNA sequencing have afforded ecologists the ability to study microbial communities at hitherto unseen resolution, with the capacity to address increasingly complex ecological questions. Here we review a selection of microbial ecology research being undertaken in New Zealand and Antarctica, from animal-and plant-hosted ecosystems, freshwater and marine habitats, and agricultural and geothermal environments. We have highlighted the broad range of high-quality and diverse microbial ecology research being conducted by New Zealand researchers and observe that much of this work underpins the greater biosecurity, ecosystem services, health and conservation efforts being undertaken in this country and globally. We conclude the review by offering some ideas for future directions in microbial ecology and, in particular, argue the importance of integrating microbiology with general ecological research.

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“…Phytophthora agathidicida (Weir et al 2015) also known as Phytophthora taxon Agathis (PTA) is a serious problem, killing kauri (Agathis australis) trees of all ages in forests in Northland, Auckland and Coromandel, New Zealand (Beever et al 2009(Beever et al , 2010Waipara et al 2013). The pathogen causes root rot and bleeding cankers at the base of the trunks, resulting in canopy thinning and eventually tree death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest efficacy trials on phosphite for control of kauri dieback

Horner¹,

Hough²,

Horner³

2015

NZPP

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In 2012, trials were established in four kauri forest sites severely affected by kauri dieback (Phytophthora agathidicida = P. taxon Agathis, PTA) to determine the potential of phosphorous acid (phosphite) as a control tool. Baseline assessments of 162 trial trees included canopy disease rating, trunk lesion dimensions and lesion activity (recent bleeding/ oozing). Phosphite (Agrifos®600) at concentrations of 7.5% or 20% was injected (20 ml) at 20-cm intervals around the trunk. Control trees were left untreated. After 1 year, half the previously injected trees were re-injected, in all cases with 7.5% phosphite. Phytotoxicity symptoms (leaf yellowing, browning or leaf/twig abscission) were noted in some phosphiteinjected trees, particularly where the 20% concentration was used. After 3 years, many more trunk lesions remained active (expressing ooze, continued expansion) in untreated trees (58.5%) than in phosphite-treated trees (0.8%). Average lesion expansion after 3 years was 12.7 cm in untreated and 0.4 cm in phosphite-treated trees.

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Surveillance methods to determine tree health distribution of kauri dieback disease and associated pathogens

Cited by 56 publications

References 4 publications

A LAMP at the end of the tunnel: a rapid, field deployable assay for the kauri dieback pathogen,Phytophthora agathidicida

A LAMP at the end of the tunnel: a rapid, field deployable assay for the kauri dieback pathogen,Phytophthora agathidicida

Microbial ecology research in New Zealand

Forest efficacy trials on phosphite for control of kauri dieback

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