Surveillance of acute hepatitis C in Cairo, Egypt

Gaafary, M. El; Rekacewicz, Claire; Abdel-Rahman, Amira Gamal; Allam, Mohamed Farouk; Hosseiny, M. El; Hamid, Mohamed Abdel; Colombani, F.; Sultan, Yehia; Aidy, Sahar El; Fontanet, Arnaud; Mostafa, Mohamed

doi:10.1002/jmv.20392

Cited by 38 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The potential mode of transmission of HCV through occupational exposures and parenteral anti-schistosomal therapy (PAT) has also been discussed [28,29]. Some investigations aimed at determining aflatoxin levels in food items in Egypt produced conflicting results [16,30,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiologic risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma in a rural region of Egypt

et al. 2010

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Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem worldwide, including Egypt. In the recent past, HCC has become the second most prevalent cancer among men in Egypt. Since HCC has not been well studied in the rural population of Egypt, this case-control study was conducted to investigate the epidemiologic risk factors of HCC in the predominantly rural region of Gharbiah, Egypt. Methods A total of 150 cases and 150 controls matched to cases on age (±5 years) and sex were recruited from the Gharbiah Cancer Society and Tanta Cancer Center. Exposure data were collected by an interviewer-administered standardized questionnaire about epidemiologic, occupational, medical and family history of HCC. Conditional logistic regression was utilized to calculate unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The effect modification of HCC risk between viral infection and environmental risk factors was also assessed.Results Being an industrial worker was an independent risk for developing HCC (OR 3.54, 95% CI 1.18, 10.63) after adjusting for viral infection, schistosomiasis and tobacco smoking. High relative risk of HCC was observed among HCV-infected individuals who were farmers (OR 9.60, 95% CI 3.72, 24.76), industrial workers (OR 12.90, 95% CI 4.33, 38.43) or active smokers (OR 5.95, 95% CI 2.20, 16.08). Conclusion Occupational exposure may play an important role in the development of HCC. Farming, industrial exposures and cigarette smoking may increase the risk of HCC among HCV-seropositive individuals. Future research focusing on mechanisms of occupational exposures among HCV patients in this population is needed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiologic risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma in a rural region of Egypt

et al. 2010

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“…20,21 Recent investigations in Egypt have also shown the increasing importance of HCV infection in the etiology of HCC, now estimated to account for 40-50% of cases.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…20,21 Recent investigations in Egypt have also shown the increasing importance of HCV infection in the etiology of HCC, now estimated to account for 40-50% of cases. [6][7][8] The future of HCC in Egypt and the magnitude of its socio-economic burden will be a legacy of the country's unique HCV epidemic and the shifting dynamics of HBV and HCV.…”

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confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of hepatitis viruses among hepatocellular carcinoma cases and healthy people in Egypt: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Lehman

Wilson

2008

Intl Journal of Cancer

128

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Liver cancers are strongly linked to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Egypt has the highest prevalence of HCV worldwide and has rising rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Egypt's unique nature of liver disease presents questions regarding the distribution of HBV and HCV in the etiology of HCC. Accordingly, a systematic search of MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, ScienceDirect and World Health Organisation databases was undertaken for relevant articles regarding HBV and HCV prevalence in Egypt among healthy populations and HCC cases. We calculated weighted mean prevalences for HBV and HCV among the populations of interest and examined differences in prevalence by descriptive features, including age, year and geographic region. Prevalences for HBV and HCV were 6.7% and 13.9% among healthy populations, and 25.9% and 78.5% among HCC cases. Adults had higher prevalences of both infections (Adult HBV 5 8.0%, Child HBV 5 1.6%; Adult HCV 5 15.7%, Child HCV 5 4.0%). Geographically, HBV was higher in the south, whereas HCV was greater in the north (North HBV 5 4.6%, South HBV 5 11.7%; North HCV 5 15.8%, South HCV 5 6.7%). Among HCC cases, HBV significantly decreased over time (p 5 0.001) while HCV did not, suggesting a shift in the relative influences of these viruses in HCC etiology in Egypt. Our results highlight large amounts of heterogeneity among the epidemiological factors associated with liver disease in Egypt and underscore the necessity of an integrated strategy for the successful prevention of viral hepatitis infections and chronic liver disease. ' 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: pooled analysis; liver cancer; infectious diseases; developing countries Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) comprises nearly 6% of all incident cancer cases worldwide, with the overwhelming majority occurring in the developing world.1 One of the least curable malignancies, HCC is the third most frequent cause of cancer mortality among men worldwide.1 Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been cited as, by far, the most important etiologic agents.2 According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), 350 million people are chronically infected with HBV and 170 million are infected with HCV.3,4 The relative importance of HBV and HCV as causative agents can vary greatly from region to region and over time.1,5 Selecting appropriate HCC prevention and control methods, therefore, depends on understanding the dynamics of these agents in a specified geographic region.Incidence of HCC in Egypt is currently increasing, which may be the result of a shift in the relative importance of HBV and HCV as primary risk factors.6-8 HCC is the second most frequent cause of cancer incidence and mortality among men in Egypt.9 Hospitalbased studies from Egypt have reported an increase in the relative frequency of all liver-related cancers in Egypt (>95% as HCC), from 4.0% in 1993 to 7.3% in 2003.6-8 The Middle East Cancer Consortium recently reported that the incidence rate among males was 7 times greater...

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“…In another study with 12 cases in Egypt, risk factors of acute hepatitis C were reported as dental applications in 5 patients, use of IV drugs in 2 patients. Whereas in 5 cases parenteral contact was not determined [12]. Although risk factors were nearly similar the order of factors may vary in different regions of the world.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Risk Factors Frequencies of Hepatitis C in Two Provinces

Dagli¹

2016

J Infect Dis Preve Med

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Risk factors for transmission routes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) may vary in countries like Turkey which has geographical, cultural and socioeconomical differences among regions. In this study data from two provinces of Turkey were analysed to evaluate and compare the risk factors frequencies of HCV. From 2007 through 2014, a total of anti-HCV positive 90 patients from Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Research and Training Hospital located in the west region of Turkey and 100 patients from Kilis State Hospital located in the south east part were included in the study to compare risk factors of HCV infection. Patients were questioned about history of dental treatment, hospitalization, blood transfusion, surgical operation and intravenous drug use which are major risk factors for transmission of HCV. Overall history of previous dental treatment was the most prevalent risk factor in both provinces followed by hospitalization, blood transfusion and operation. The use of intravenous drugs was higher in Kilis with a statistically significant difference. In every patient at least one risk factor was present. Although Kilis has a conservative community and lower socio economical level, this unexpected observation may be related to reflections of border trade of drugs on society. Thus preventive measures should be taken, considering socioeconomical differences among regions.

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Surveillance of acute hepatitis C in Cairo, Egypt

Cited by 38 publications

References 16 publications

Epidemiologic risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma in a rural region of Egypt

Epidemiologic risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma in a rural region of Egypt

Epidemiology of hepatitis viruses among hepatocellular carcinoma cases and healthy people in Egypt: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Comparison of Risk Factors Frequencies of Hepatitis C in Two Provinces

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