Surveillance of Acute Respiratory Infections in Mumbai during 2011-12

Chavan, Rahul; Kothari, ST; Zunjarrao, K; Chowdhary, AS

doi:10.4103/0255-0857.148376

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Trial registration: EWO-ISO-2014/1, EudraCT 2014-001863-11; Date of registration: 29 APR 2014; Detail information web link: https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2014-001863-11/results Keywords: Immunomodulator, Immunosenescence, Influenza, Inosine pranobex, Isoprinosine, Viral infection, Efficacy, Safety Background Acute respiratory infection is a serious infection that is responsible for approximately 3.9 million deaths per year and is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide [1]. Acute respiratory infections are categorized as either upper or lower respiratory infections and are caused by well-recognised viral pathogens, including but not limited to influenza virus (types A and B), parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), metapneumovirus (types A and B), coronavirus, rhinovirus, enterovirus, reovirus, bocavirus, and adenovirus, and bacterial pathogens, primarily Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenza [2,3].…”

Section: (Continued From Previous Page)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inappropriate use of antibiotics for the treatment of acute respiratory infections has been observed during winter months, even though the majority of infections are caused by viral pathogens and are self-limiting. This practice may result in side effects and the development of antibiotic resistance in pathogens as well as an increased cost burden for the healthcare system [3,10,11].…”

Section: (Continued From Previous Page)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All authors also thank Saurabh Aggarwal, PhD, Senior Medical Writer at PPD, for his significant contributions to this manuscript. 3 Ewopharma International, s.r.o., Hlavná 13, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovakia. 4 University of Trnava, Hornopotočná 23, 918 43 Trnava, Slovakia.…”

Section: Acknowledgementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inosine pranobex is safe and effective for the treatment of subjects with confirmed acute respiratory viral infections: analysis and subgroup analysis from a Phase 4, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study

2016

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BackgroundInosine pranobex (Isoprinosine®) is an immunomodulatory drug approved in several countries for the treatment of viral infections. This study compared the efficacy and safety of inosine pranobex versus placebo in subjects with clinically diagnosed influenza-like illness, including subjects with laboratory-confirmed acute respiratory viral infections. Subgroup analyses evaluated the efficacy of inosine pranobex compared to placebo in otherwise healthy (without related ongoing disease) subjects that were less than 50 years of age and healthy subjects that were at least 50 years of age. The effect of body mass index (BMI) was evaluated in subjects less than 50 years of age.MethodsA total of 463 subjects were randomly assigned to receive inosine pranobex (n = 231) or placebo (n = 232) in this Phase 4, randomised, double-blind, multicentre study. The primary efficacy endpoint was time to resolution of all influenza-like symptoms present at baseline to none. Safety was evaluated through analysis of adverse events, vital signs, and physical examinations.ResultsThe difference in time to resolution of all influenza-like symptoms between treatment groups was not statistically significant but showed a faster improvement in subjects in the inosine pranobex group versus those in the placebo group - Hazard Ratio = 1.175; (95 % CI: 0.806–1.714). P-value = 0.324. In the subgroup analysis for subjects less than 50 years of age, statistically significant differences in time to resolution of influenza-like symptoms that favoured the inosine pranobex group over the placebo group were observed in those without related ongoing disease and those who were non-obese (BMI <30 kg/m2). The differences between the inosine pranobex and placebo groups in subjects at least 50 years of age without related ongoing disease and in subjects less than 50 years of age who were obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) were not statistically significant. Inosine pranobex was generally well tolerated, and no deaths were reported.ConclusionsThe study results indicate the safety of inosine pranobex for the treatment of subjects with confirmed acute respiratory viral infections and confirm the efficacy of inosine pranobex versus placebo in healthy non-obese subjects less than 50 years of age with clinically diagnosed influenza-like illnesses.Trial registrationEWO-ISO-2014/1, EudraCT 2014-001863-11; Date of registration: 29 APR 2014; Detail information web link: https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2014-001863-11/results Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1965-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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confidence: 99%

Section: (Continued From Previous Page)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inosine pranobex is safe and effective for the treatment of subjects with confirmed acute respiratory viral infections: analysis and subgroup analysis from a Phase 4, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study

2016

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“…The taxonomy was set as Homo sapiens. were found to be positive for pandemic influenza A/H1N1/ 2009, 24 were positive for influenza type B, 15 for seasonal influenza type A (H3N2), 2 for RSV and none for hMPV [4]. Protein concentration in nasal/throat swabs from a single sample was less as those observed for control samples (1.2 ± 0.30 vs 3.5 ± 0.50 lg/lL).…”

Section: Protein Identification By Maldi Tof/tofmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Haffkine Institute. Identification of viral and bacterial infection from all the 200 samples has been carried out previously [4].…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential proteomic analysis of respiratory samples from patients suffering from influenza

et al. 2016

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The exact molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of influenza are yet unclear. In the present study we investigated the upper respiratory proteome in influenza patients. 200 nasal and throat swab samples were collected from patients suffering from acute respiratory illness. These samples were confirmed for influenza pandemic A/H1N1/2009 and influenza type B using qRT-PCR. 10 similar swabs were collected from healthy individuals and were used as controls. Proteins were extracted from the cell pellets and were subjected to 2-D gel electrophoresis. The differentially expressed proteins were identified using MALDI-TOF. Identified proteins were classified into different functional groups based on functions reported in the databases. 25 % of these proteins were involved in cytoskeletal formation, whereas 14 % were involved in signal transduction. Proteins involved in anti-viral responses, Ca-signaling, transport, and tumor suppression constituted 10 % each, where as 5 % of proteins each belong to Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, Protein Synthesis and anti-bacterial proteins. 10 % of the proteins have not been described previously. This is the first report on respiratory proteome profile in Influenza patients. The study emphasizes the role of such profiling studies using multiple platforms for bio-marker discoveries, especially non-invasive diagnostic marker in Influenza and other infectious diseases.

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Infection Status of Rural Schoolchildren and its Relationship with Vitamin D Concentrations

et al. 2019

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Surveillance of Acute Respiratory Infections in Mumbai during 2011-12

Abstract: This data indicate the need to undertake continued surveillance that will help to better define the circulation of respiratory viruses along with the bacterial infections.

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Inosine pranobex is safe and effective for the treatment of subjects with confirmed acute respiratory viral infections: analysis and subgroup analysis from a Phase 4, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study

Inosine pranobex is safe and effective for the treatment of subjects with confirmed acute respiratory viral infections: analysis and subgroup analysis from a Phase 4, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study

Differential proteomic analysis of respiratory samples from patients suffering from influenza

Infection Status of Rural Schoolchildren and its Relationship with Vitamin D Concentrations

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