Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance among Clinical Isolates Recovered from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Al Qassim , Saudi Arabia

Said, Kamaleldin B.; Aljarbou, Ahmed N.; Alrouji, Mohammed; Al-harbi, Hajed O

doi:10.12816/0006066

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This finding that houseflies carry antimicrobial-resistant bacteria including P. aeruginosa has been previously reported in Iran and elsewhere [ 16 , 37 – 39 ]. Generally, P. aeruginosa isolates recovered from houseflies in the current study were highly resistant to all 15 antimicrobials tested, with the percentage of resistant isolates ranging from 45.3 % to 100.0 %.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Generally, P. aeruginosa isolates recovered from houseflies in the current study were highly resistant to all 15 antimicrobials tested, with the percentage of resistant isolates ranging from 45.3 % to 100.0 %. These included high resistance levels to imipenem (49.1 %) and amikacin (64.2 %) which were found by other authors to be effective against the bacterium [ 39 ]. The emergence of bacterial strains resistant to carbapenems, which are among the most effective antimicrobial agents against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, is suggested to be due to plasmid or integron-mediated carbapenemases, efflux systems, reduced porin expression and increased chromosomal cephalosporinase activity [ 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Molecular detection and antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from houseflies (Musca domestica) in Iran

Hemmatinezhad¹,

Ommi²,

Hafshejani³

et al. 2015

J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis

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BackgroundPseudomonas aeruginosa is a common bacterium that can cause disease in humans and other animals. This study was conducted to screen for molecular detection and antimicrobial-resistant P. aeruginosa in Musca domestica in different locations in the Iranian provinces of Shahrekord and Isfahan.MethodsMusca domestica were captured by both manual and sticky trap methods, during the daytime, from household kitchens, cattle farms, animal hospitals, human hospitals, slaughterhouses and chicken farms at random locations in Shahrekord and Isfahan provinces of Iran, and subsequently transported to the laboratory for detection of P. aeruginosa. In the laboratory, flies were identified and killed by refrigeration in a cold chamber at −20 °C, then placed in 5 mL peptone water and left at room temperature for five hours before being processed. Pseudomonas isolates were preliminarily identified to genus level based on colony morphology and gram staining, and their identity was further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction.ResultsOverall blaTEM gene was recovered from 8.8 % (53/600) of the P. aeruginosa isolated from houseflies collected from the two provinces. A slightly higher prevalence (10.7 %; 32/300) was recorded in Shahrekord province than Isfahan province (7.0 %; 21/300). The locations did not differ statistically (p < 0.05) in bacterial prevalence in flies. Seasonal prevalence showed a significantly lower infection frequency during autumn.ConclusionsHouseflies are important in the epidemiology of P. aeruginosa infections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Molecular detection and antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from houseflies (Musca domestica) in Iran

Hemmatinezhad¹,

Ommi²,

Hafshejani³

et al. 2015

J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis

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“…and 9.9% of P. aeruginosa isolates were resistant to ceftazidime ( 13 ). The rate of ceftazidime-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii at Saudi Arabia in 2011 was reported to be 89% ( 14 ). At least one study from a hospital in Tehran also reported that cefixime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and ceftazidime were associated with the highest rate of resistance of isolated gram-negative bacteria ( 11 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the resistance pattern of gram-negative bacteria during three years at the nephrology ward of a referral hospital in southwest of Iran

et al. 2017

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Background: Gram-negative bacteria are associated with an increase in rates of antibacterial resistance. In most low- and middle-income countries such as Iran, there is no continuous surveillance system for antibiotic resistance. Objective: The purpose of this survey was to determine the pattern of antimicrobial sensitivity of gram-negative bacteria within 3 consecutive years at a nephrology ward of Nemazee hospital in Shiraz. Materials and Methods: During a 3-year period from 2013 to 2015 at the adult nephrology ward, bacteriological data of all biological samples of hospitalized patients in favor of gram-negative microorganisms were analyzed retrospectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: The most common gram negative bacterium isolated from biological samples was Escherichia coli (43.9%). The highest (86.3%-94.1%) antibacterial resistance rate was associated with Acinetobacter spp. The most frequent resistance was seen with cephalosporins. In contrast to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, nitrofurantoin and aminoglycosides remained their acceptable activity against E. coli. At least three-fourths (75%) of Acinetobacter spp. isolates was resistant to either aminoglycosides or imipenem. All (100%) isolated Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa species were susceptible to colistin. The rate of Acinetobacter spp. and P. aeruginosa resistant to three or more drugs was 81.7% and 74.6%, respectively. Conclusions: The resistant rate of gram negative pathogens to different tested antibacterial agents was considerably high and has increased during the recent three years in our center.

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“…Infections that have been monitored throughout our program were the most frequently reported in Saudi Arabia and the Middle-East. 4 - 10 , 12 - 14 Other studies report that the introduction of an ASP improved microbiologically-targeted therapy 33 and decreased drug resistance in infectious agents including Clostridium difficile infections , 34 and VRE. 31 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Recent reports from the Middle-East, including Saudi Arabia, show a considerable and increasing prevalence of resistant and MDR infectious agents such as Acinetobacter baumannii , 4 - 6 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 7 - 10 MDR Salmonella enterica serovar typhi , 11 extended spectrum b -lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumonia , 12 ESBL-producing Escherichia coli 13 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . 14 In the USA, approximately 2,000,000 MDR infections are diagnosed each year and are responsible for 23,000 deaths per year. 15 Data from the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (EARSS) showed that MRSA was present in up to 60% of isolates in some European countries in 2014.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A stepwise introduction of a successful antimicrobial stewardship program

Alawi

Darwesh

2016

SMJ

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ObjectivesTo analyze and evaluate the safety and cost-effectiveness of a gradually-implemented antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) in a tertiary care center.MethodsProspective data were collected from an ASP that was gradually introduced between April 2012 and December 2013 in 6 hospital departments, over successive periods of 3 months each. A multidisciplinary team supervised antibiotic use and regulated pharmacy dispensations of a list of restricted antimicrobials (RAs). Indicators were prospectively monitored and included hospital mortality as the safety indicator; incidence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) infections as the effectiveness indicator, RA cost savings as the cost-effectiveness indicator and RA consumption indicated the process implementation.ResultsBetween 2012 and 2014, dispensations of RAs decreased by 67% and prescriptions by 75%; no increase in mortality rate was observed. Microbiologically, there was a decreasing trend of incidence across all monitored infections, but this was only significant for Acinetobacter baumannii (p=0.007). Cost analysis showed a decrease in expenditure for RAs, with an average monthly saving of up to 326,020USD.ConclusionsStepwise implementation of ASPs is a safe and cost-effective strategy for improving antibiotic prescribing practice and to reduce multi-drug resistance.

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Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance among Clinical Isolates Recovered from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Al Qassim , Saudi Arabia

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Molecular detection and antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from houseflies (Musca domestica) in Iran

Molecular detection and antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from houseflies (Musca domestica) in Iran

Evaluating the resistance pattern of gram-negative bacteria during three years at the nephrology ward of a referral hospital in southwest of Iran

A stepwise introduction of a successful antimicrobial stewardship program

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