Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and evolving microbial populations in Vermont: 2011-2018

Stelling, John; Read, Jennifer S.; Fritch, William M.; O’Brien, Thomas F.; Peters, Rob; Clark, Adam; Bokhari, Marissa; Lion, Mattia; Katwa, Parisha; Kelso, Patsy

doi:10.1080/14787210.2020.1776114

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Inappropriate or unregulated use of AMD has been linked with increased risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) affecting both human and animal health (CDC (U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), 2019; WHO (World Health Organization), 2015). AMR is an emerging public health threat imposing significant health and economic burdens to the global population (Davies & Wales, 2019;Stelling et al, 2020). Implementation of effective AMD stewardship practices and judicious use of AMD are critical to the reduction of AMR threat to animal and public health (Tang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2018 Survey of factors associated with antimicrobial drug use and stewardship practices in adult cows on conventional California dairies: immediate post-Senate Bill 27 impact

Ekong

Abdelfattah

Okello

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Background Antimicrobial drugs (AMD) are critical for the treatment, control, and prevention of diseases in humans and food-animals. Good AMD stewardship practices and judicious use of AMD are beneficial to the preservation of animal and human health from antimicrobial resistance threat. This study reports on changes in AMD use and stewardship practices on California (CA) dairies, following the implementation of CA Senate Bill 27 (SB 27; codified as Food and Agricultural Code, FAC 14400–14408; here onward referred to as SB 27), by modeling the associations between management practices on CA conventional dairies and seven outcome variables relating to AMD use and stewardship practices following SB 27. Methods A survey questionnaire was mailed to 1,282 grade A licensed dairies in CA in spring of 2018. Responses from 132 conventional dairies from 16 counties were included for analyses. Multivariate logistic regression models were specified to explore the associations between survey factors and six outcome variables: producers’ familiarity with the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA), Silver Spring, WA, USA medically important antimicrobial drugs (MIAD) term; change in over-the-counter (OTC) AMD use; initiation or increased use of alternatives to AMD; changes to prevent disease outbreaks; changes in AMD costs; and better animal health post SB 27. We employed machine learning classification models to determine which of the survey factors were the most important predictors of good-excellent AMD stewardship practices of CA conventional dairy producers. Results Having a valid veterinary-client-patient-relationship, involving a veterinarian in training employees on treatment protocols and decisions on AMDs used to treat sick cows, tracking milk and/or meat withdrawal intervals for treated cows, and participating in dairy quality assurance programs were positively associated with producers’ familiarity with MIADs. Use or increased use of alternatives to AMDs since 2018 was associated with decreased use of AMDs that were previously available OTC prior to SB 27. Important variables associated with good-excellent AMD stewardship knowledge by CA conventional dairy producers included having written or computerized animal health protocols, keeping a drug inventory log, awareness that use of MIADs required a prescription following implementation of SB 27, involving a veterinarian in AMD treatment duration determination, and using selective dry cow treatment. Conclusions Our study identified management factors associated with reported AMD use and antimicrobial stewardship practices on conventional dairies in CA within a year from implementation of SB 27. Producers will benefit from extension outreach efforts that incorporate the findings of this survey by further highlighting the significance of these management practices and encouraging those that are associated with judicious AMD use and stewardship practices on CA conventional dairies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%