Surveillance of Cryptococcosis in Alabama, 1992–1994

Thomas, Cynthia M.; Lee, Jeannette; Conn, Laura A.; Bradley, Mary E.; Gillespie, Roger W; Dill, S; Pinner, Robert W.; Pappas, Peter G.

doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(97)00234-2

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Undoubtedly, these figures represent low estimates of incidence, since most, but not all, patients with sporotrichosis were seen at CMST, and only patients with culture-proven disease were included in this analysis. Nonetheless, these figures greatly exceed those of previously reported studies of other invasive mycoses, including cryptococcosis [19], coccidioidomycosis [20], and histoplasmosis [21], in non-HIV-infected patients in a nonepidemic setting. From a public health perspective, other invasive mycoses clearly have a substantially greater impact on mortality than does sporotrichosis, since death due to sporotrichosis is limited to a few patients with extracutaneous disease.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Sporotrichosis in Peru: Description of an Area of Hyperendemicity

Pappas

Téllez

Deep

et al. 2000

Clinical Infectious Diseases

171

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sporotrichosis is a sporadic and rare mycotic infection in most of the developed world. In many parts of the developing world, sporotrichosis is much more commonly recognized, but epidemiological data are generally lacking from these regions. We report epidemiological, clinical, and treatment data from 238 cases of culture-proven sporotrichosis occurring in a relatively remote area of the south central highlands of Peru that were retrospectively collected during 1995-1997. Most cases (60%) occurred in children aged

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Sporotrichosis in Peru: Description of an Area of Hyperendemicity

Pappas

Téllez

Deep

et al. 2000

Clinical Infectious Diseases

171

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…C. neoformans most often affects the CNS, lungs or the skin. In a statewide study performed in Alabama from 1992 to 1994, the annual incidence of cryptococcosis among HIV-infected patients was found to be 1638.7 per 100,000 individuals [41]. Rates of cryptococcosis in patients without HIV infection in the USA are comparable with the incidence rates described for meningococcal meningitis [39].…”

Section: Cryptococcus Neoformansmentioning

confidence: 74%

The art of serendipity: killing of Caenorhabditis elegans by human pathogens as a model of bacterial and fungal pathogenesis

Mylonakis¹,

Ausubel²,

Tang³

et al. 2003

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The nematode worm, Caenorhabditis elegans, has been used to develop a facile model system of host-pathogen interactions to identify basic evolutionarily conserved pathways associated with microbial pathogenesis. The model involves the killing of Caenorhabditis elegans by a variety of human pathogens. Several virulence-related genes in a variety of pathogens previously shown to be involved in mammalian infection have also been shown to play a role in Caenorhabditis elegans killing. Screening of large numbers of microbial mutants for attenuation in a mammalian model would require thousands of mice, rats or rabbits. In contrast, the Caenorhabditis elegans model allows rapid identification of mutants in microbial genes associated with pathogenesis and then these phenotypes can be confirmed in a relevant mammalian model.

show abstract

“…Given the successful use of C. elegans and A. castellanii to study bacterial and fungal pathogenesis, respectively, and because fungal infections are significant causes of human morbidity and mortality, especially among immunocompromised patients (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26), we sought to develop a fungal-C. elegans model pathogenesis system. The increasing number of serious fungal infections, the paucity of new antifungal agents, and the likelihood of the emergence of drug resistance in fungi all contribute to a pressing need for new model systems to study the mechanisms of fungal virulence.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite frequent environmental exposure to C. neoformans, immunologically intact individuals uncommonly develop clinical disease. However, the incidence of infection rises dramatically in patients with impaired T-cell immunity (26,29). Study of the pathogenic mechanisms of C. neoformans has been enhanced substantially by the development of transformation protocols, homologous recombination for genetic manipulations, and reproducible animal models (30)(31)(32)(33)(34).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Killing of Caenorhabditis elegans by Cryptococcus neoformans as a model of yeast pathogenesis

Mylonakis

Ausubel

Perfect

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

300

277

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We found that the well-studied nematode Caenorhabditis elegans can use various yeasts, including Cryptococcus laurentii and Cryptococcus kuetzingii, as a sole source of food, producing similar brood sizes compared with growth on its usual laboratory food source Escherichia coli OP50. C. elegans grown on these yeasts had a life span similar to (C. laurentii) or longer than (C. kuetzingii) those fed on E. coli. However, the human pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans killed C. elegans, and the C. neoformans polysaccharide capsule as well as several C. neoformans genes previously shown to be involved in mammalian virulence were also shown to play a role in C. elegans killing. These included genes associated with signal transduction pathways (GPA1, PKA1, PKR1, and RAS1), laccase production (LAC1), and the ␣ mating type. C. neoformans adenine auxotrophs, which are less virulent in mammals, were also less virulent in C. elegans. These results support the model that mammalian pathogenesis of C. neoformans may be a consequence of adaptations that have evolved during the interaction of C. neoformans with environmental predators such as free-living nematodes and amoebae and suggest that C. elegans can be used as a simple model host in which C. neoformans pathogenesis can be readily studied.

show abstract

Surveillance of Cryptococcosis in Alabama, 1992–1994

Cited by 24 publications

References 27 publications

Sporotrichosis in Peru: Description of an Area of Hyperendemicity

Sporotrichosis in Peru: Description of an Area of Hyperendemicity

The art of serendipity: killing of Caenorhabditis elegans by human pathogens as a model of bacterial and fungal pathogenesis

Killing of Caenorhabditis elegans by Cryptococcus neoformans as a model of yeast pathogenesis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About