Surveillance of human leptospirosis infections in Ukraine between 2018 and 2023

Petakh, Pavlo; Tymchyk, Viktoriia; Kamyshnyi, Oleksandr

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1394781

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

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Effect of Antibiotic and Steroid Treatment on Leptospirosis Outcomes: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study in the Transcarpathian Region of Ukraine

Petakh,

Oksenych,

Poliak

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Leptospirosis presents a significant health challenge in the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine, with higher incidence rates and mortality compared to national averages. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to investigate the effects of antibiotic and steroid treatments on outcomes in leptospirosis patients. Our analysis of clinical and laboratory data from a single center revealed that dexamethasone showed significant effects on various clinical variables, as did investigated antibiotics. Particularly, direct bilirubin levels emerged as a strong predictor of death. These findings provide valuable insights for clinicians in managing leptospirosis, aiding in outcome prediction and treatment decision-making not only in the Transcarpathian region but globally.

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Effect of Antibiotic and Steroid Treatment on Leptospirosis Outcomes: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study in the Transcarpathian Region of Ukraine

Petakh,

Oksenych,

Poliak

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Oliguria as a diagnostic marker of severe leptospirosis: a study from the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine

Petakh,

Kamyshnyi

2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Leptospirosis is an emerging illness presenting a broad range of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic or mild cases to severe and fatal outcomes. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment; however, similar clinical presentations in various febrile illnesses or co-infections, along with challenges in laboratory diagnostics, can lead to misdiagnosis and severe consequences. Identifying clinical predictors for severe forms of the disease is essential in mitigating complications and reducing mortality. Consequently, we conducted a retrospective case-control study to identify clinical markers indicative of severe disease in leptospirosis patients from the Transcarpathian region. The study focused on patients admitted with clinically suspected leptospirosis, involving a total of 51 diagnosed cases, with 13 resulting in severe outcomes and death. Categorical variables were analyzed using χ2, revealing a mean patient age of 50 years, predominantly male (n = 36, 70.5%). Oliguria emerged as a significant independent factor associated with mortality (odds ratio [OR], 13.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.56–71.12; p = 0.001). Additionally, our analysis uncovered a noteworthy increase in leptospirosis notification rates in Transcarpathian compared to Ukraine, with 150 cases out of the total 433 in Ukraine. The highest notification rates were observed in Mukachevo District and Perechyn District. These findings highlight the importance of early recognition of key clinical markers, such as oliguria, which are critical for predicting severe outcomes in leptospirosis patients. The higher notification rates in Transcarpathian regions also underscore the need for enhanced surveillance, targeted public health interventions, and timely treatment to reduce mortality in endemic areas.

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Comprehensive Analysis of Antiphage Defense Mechanisms: Serovar-Specific Patterns

Petakh,

Oksenych,

Khovpey

et al. 2024

Antibiotics

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Leptospirosis is a major zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic spirochetes in the genus Leptospira, affecting over a million people annually and causing approximately 60,000 deaths. Leptospira interrogans, a key causative agent, likely possesses defense systems against bacteriophages (leptophages), yet these systems are not well understood. We analyzed 402 genomes of L. interrogans using the DefenseFinder tool to identify and characterize the antiphage defense systems. We detected 24 unique systems, with CRISPR-Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins), PrrC, Borvo, and Restriction-Modification (R-M) being the most prevalent. Notably, Cas were identified in all strains, indicating their central role in phage defense. Furthermore, there were variations in the antiphage system distribution across different serovars, suggesting unique evolutionary adaptations. For instance, Retron was found exclusively in the Canicola serovar, while prokaryotic Argonaute proteins (pAgo) were only detected in the Grippotyphosa serovar. These findings significantly enhance our understanding of Leptospira’s antiphage defense mechanisms. They reveal the potential for the development of serovar-specific phage-based therapies and underscore the importance of further exploring these defense systems.

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Surveillance of human leptospirosis infections in Ukraine between 2018 and 2023

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of Antibiotic and Steroid Treatment on Leptospirosis Outcomes: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study in the Transcarpathian Region of Ukraine

Effect of Antibiotic and Steroid Treatment on Leptospirosis Outcomes: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study in the Transcarpathian Region of Ukraine

Oliguria as a diagnostic marker of severe leptospirosis: a study from the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine

Comprehensive Analysis of Antiphage Defense Mechanisms: Serovar-Specific Patterns

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