Surveillance of infant feeding practices in Riyadh city

Al-Jassir, Mohammed Saleh; Elbashir, Bushra; Moizuddin, Syed Khaja

doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2004.136

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The mean duration of breastfeeding was 6.57 months, the mean age at introduction of bottle feeding was 1.84 months, and by the end of the first month 77.2% of the infants were bottle fed, and the mean age of weaning (solid food) was 4.43 months. The main reason for starting bottle feeding was “not enough milk” in 66.1% 13. The very high rate of initial breastfeeding in the latter study is similar to the 98% reported by Madani et al from Jeddah 14.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Trends in infant nutrition in Saudi Arabia: compliance with WHO recommendations

Mouzan

Omar

Salloum

et al. 2009

Annals of Saudi Medicine

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:The WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life. Our objective was to evaluate trends in infant nutrition in Saudi Arabia and the degree of compliance with WHO recommendations.SUBJECTS AND METHODS:A nationwide nutritional survey of a sample of Saudi households was selected by the multistage probability sampling procedure. A validated questionnaire was administered to mothers of children less than 3 years of age.RESULTS:Of 5339 children in the sample, 4889 received breast milk at birth indicating a prevalence of initiation of 91.6%. Initiation of breastfeeding was delayed beyond 6 hours after birth in 28.1% of the infants. Bottle feeding was introduced by 1 month of age to 2174/4260 (51.4%) and to 3831/4260 (90%) by 6 months of age. The majority of infants 3870/4787 (80.8%) were introduced to “solid foods” between 4 to 6 months of age and whole milk feedings were given to 40% of children younger than 12 months of age.CONCLUSIONS:The current practice of feeding of Saudi infants is very far from compliance with even the most conservative WHO recommendations of exclusive breastfeeding for 4 to 6 months. The high prevalence of breastfeeding initiation at birth indicates the willingness of Saudi mothers to breastfeed. However, early introduction of complementary feedings reduced the period of exclusive breastfeeding. Research in infant nutrition should be a public health priority to improve the rate of breastfeeding and to minimize other inappropriate practices.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Trends in infant nutrition in Saudi Arabia: compliance with WHO recommendations

Mouzan

Omar

Salloum

et al. 2009

Annals of Saudi Medicine

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“…In the year 2000 the percentage of ever breastfed children was 98%, with mean breastfeeding duration of 6.5 months. This percentage shows that the majority of mothers had initiated breastfeeding; although, 72% of them "had introduced bottlefeeding by the end of the first month" (Al-Jassir, et al, 2004 ). However, levels of breastfeeding initiation are still high at 91%, higher than many countries in Western society.…”

Section: Incidence Of Breastfeedingmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Lower duration of breastfeeding was found in young women when compared with older women whose duration was more than a year (Al-Shehri et al, 1995, Khalil et al 2003Al-Jassir et al, 2004).…”

Section: Breastfeeding and Age Of Mothermentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In summary, it was noted that the most popular feeding plan was a mixed of two. In other words, mixed feeding (breast milk and formula milk) is very common in KSA; nearly 72% of mothers had introduced formula milk by the end of the first month (Al-Jassir, et al, 2004). Most of this was due to mothers reporting insufficient breast milk to satisfy their baby.…”

Section: Does This Influence In the Ksa?(religion In Culture)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of this was due to mothers reporting insufficient breast milk to satisfy their baby. Breastfeeding rates according to level of education was found higher among less educated mothers; the main reason for that was mothers returning to their jobs or study (Al-Bustan.1987, Khoja and Farid in 2000, Al-Jassir et al in 2004. Breastfeeding in public is accepted if the mother covers her breasts leading to positive attitudes towards mother's milk as the best nutritious food, or beliefs that breastfeeding is a mother's duty dictated by Islamic religion.…”

Section: Does This Influence In the Ksa?(religion In Culture)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breastfeeding across cultures: A social-constructionist view of differences in infant feeding norms between the United Kingdom and .Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2011

2018

مجلة الطفولة

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Breastfeeding is established as an important influence upon infant and maternal health. Also, it has positive effects for both the economy and the environment.Major influential organizations all agree that mothers should exclusively breastfeed their infant up to six months of age as breast milk is optimal to meet the infant's nutritional needs. These organizations include, The World Health Organization (WHO), The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), The UK Department of Health (UK DoH) and HealthMinistries in the Middle East. The result of this study is concluded that there are several variables that can create the gap between the UK and KSA. Breastfeeding in the KSA is seen to be the norm whereas formula feeding an infant in the UK has taken to be the norm. This social construct has a vast impact on rates but also the knowledge and attitudes of Saudi mothers were more positive than British mothers.Both countries have historical religious influences and so religion was also an addition to these factors. Human lactation rates across the World are a complex issue influenced by many factors that are demographic, biological, social psychological and religions.

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Infant Nutrition in the Middle East

Batal

Awada

2012

Nutrition in Infancy

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Surveillance of infant feeding practices in Riyadh city

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Trends in infant nutrition in Saudi Arabia: compliance with WHO recommendations

Trends in infant nutrition in Saudi Arabia: compliance with WHO recommendations

Breastfeeding across cultures: A social-constructionist view of differences in infant feeding norms between the United Kingdom and .Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2011

Infant Nutrition in the Middle East

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