Surveillance Web System and Mouthwash-Saliva qPCR for Labor Ambulatory SARS-CoV-2 Detection and Prevention

Mora-Aguilera, Gustavo; Martínez-Bustamante, Verónica Inés; Acevedo-Sánchez, Gerardo; Coria-Contreras, Juan José; Guzmán-Hernández, Eduardo; Flores-Colorado, Oscar E.; Mendoza-Ramos, Coral; Hernández-Nava, Gabriel; Álvarez-Maya, Ikuri; Gutiérrez-Espinosa, M. A.; Gómez-Linton, Raael; Robles-Bustamante, Ana Carolina; Gallardo-Hernández, Alberto

doi:10.3390/ijerph19031271

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Most studies continue to focus on an understanding of the infection clinical outcome, particularly the post-COVID condition, the development of cure treatments, and the enhancement of vaccines to include children ( 7 , 8 , 11 , 31 – 33 ). However, there is still a strong need for comprehensive studies associated with virus behavior at the ambulatory population level for surveillance and prevention purposes ( 21 ). Current forecasting relies on limited clinical and hospital settings data ( 34 – 38 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infection is the first stage of pathogenicity involving virus–host recognition and entry into epithelial cells to initiate virus multiplication ( 61 ). Infection may not lead to disease, as asymptomatic conditions imply ( 21 ). This scenario departs from the general usage of infection as equivalent to disease or severity [e.g., ( 51 )].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these results encourage the imperative need for communitarian approaches to develop preventive surveillance systems. The development of algorithms to address ambulatory populations may improve COVID-19 management and cope with zoonotic threats, without assuming a specific susceptible subpopulation that is reached through clinical or hospital settings ( 21 ). Our results may also support the benefit of massive ambulatory SARS-CoV-2 testing conducted for several countries during the critical contagious stage ( 58 ), rather than using digital risk assessment or directing tests on individuals upon presumptive COVID-19 symptoms to assist disease control treatment ( 66 – 70 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our results may also support the benefit of massive ambulatory SARS-CoV-2 testing conducted for several countries during the critical contagious stage ( 58 ), rather than using digital risk assessment or directing tests on individuals upon presumptive COVID-19 symptoms to assist disease control treatment ( 66 – 70 ). It is well known that asymptomatic individuals, estimated at 22.1% under lockdown conditions ( 58 ), may exhibit a comparable virus titer to those with symptoms and thus could play a significant role in transmission chains ( 21 ). A web-app surveillance platform, linked to testing at clustering labor, social, and household environments, may overcome the cost-time factors of massive testing and effectively accomplish the confinement strategy and clinical monitoring at the community level ( 21 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous efforts in Mexico mainly focused on demonstrating the CDs association with COVID-19 clinic course and mortality, thereby lacking a mechanistic epidemiological framework ( 17 – 20 ). This comprehensive study contributes to understanding the epidemiological behavior of new diseases in human populations and provides insights for surveillance and prevention of potential zoonotic outbreaks ( 21 ). Moreover, this study was based on big data associated with 509,539 official RT-qPCR test results, comprising 24.4 million metadata ( 22 ), which were putatively related to B.1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Were metabolic and other chronic diseases the driven onset epidemic forces of COVID-19 in Mexico?

Acevedo-Sánchez,

Mora-Aguilera,

Coria-Contreras

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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The underline hypothesis of this study was that SARS-CoV-2 can infect individuals regardless of health condition, sex, and age in opposition to the classical epidemiological assumption of an identifiable susceptible subpopulation for epidemic development. To address this issue, a population cohort with 24.4 million metadata associated with 226,089 official RT-qPCR positive and 283,450 negative cases, including 27,769 deceased, linked putatively to B.1. and B.1.1. SARS-CoV-2 lineages were analyzed. The analysis baseline was to determine the infection and mortality structure of the diseased cohort at the onset-exponential phase of the first epidemic wave in Mexico under the assumption of limited herd immunity. Individuals with nonchronic diseases (NOCDs) were compared with those exhibiting at least one of 10 chronic diseases (CDs) adjusted by age and sex. Risk factors for infection and mortality were estimated with classification and regression tree (CART) and cluster analysis based on Spearman's matrix of rho-values in RStudio®, complemented with two proposed mortality indices. SARS-CoV-2 infection was independent of health condition (52.8% NOCD vs. 47.2% CDs; p = 0.001–0.009) but influenced by age >46 in one risk analysis scenario (p < 0.001). Sex contributed 9.7% to the overall risk. The independent effect was supported by the health structure of negative cases with a similar tendency but a higher proportion of NOCDs (61.4%, p = 0.007). The infection probability in individuals with one CD was determined by the disease type and age, which was higher in those older individuals (≥56 years) exhibiting diabetes (12.3%, cp = 0.0006), hypertension (10.1%, cp < 0.0001), and obesity (7.8%, cp = 0.001). In contrast, the mortality risk was heavily influenced by CD conditioned by sex and age, accounting for 72.3% of total deaths (p = 0.001–0.008). Significant mortality risk (48%) was comprised of women and men (w, m) aged ≥56 years with diabetes (19% w and 27.9% m, cp < 0.0004), hypertension (11.5% w, cp = 0.0001), and CKD (3.5% w and 5.3% m, cp = 0.0009). Older people with diabetes and hypertension comorbidity increased the risk to 60.5% (p = 0.001). Based on a mortality-weighted index, women were more vulnerable to preexisting metabolic or cardiovascular diseases. These findings support our hypothesis and justify the need for surveillance systems at a communitarian level. This is the first study addressing this fundamental epidemiological question.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Were metabolic and other chronic diseases the driven onset epidemic forces of COVID-19 in Mexico?

Acevedo-Sánchez,

Mora-Aguilera,

Coria-Contreras

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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The effect of sample site and collection procedure on identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Davenport,

Arevalo-Rodriguez,

Mateos-Haro

et al. 2024

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Background Sample collection is a key driver of accuracy in the diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Viral load may vary at different anatomical sampling sites and accuracy may be compromised by difficulties obtaining specimens and the expertise of the person taking the sample. It is important to optimise sampling accuracy within cost, safety and accessibility constraints. Objectives To compare the sensitivity of different sampling collection sites and methods for the detection of current SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with any molecular or antigen‐based test. Search methods Electronic searches of the Cochrane COVID‐19 Study Register and the COVID‐19 Living Evidence Database from the University of Bern (which includes daily updates from PubMed and Embase and preprints from medRxiv and bioRxiv) were undertaken on 22 February 2022. We included independent evaluations from national reference laboratories, FIND and the Diagnostics Global Health website. We did not apply language restrictions. Selection criteria We included studies of symptomatic or asymptomatic people with suspected SARS‐CoV‐2 infection undergoing testing. We included studies of any design that compared results from different sample types (anatomical location, operator, collection device) collected from the same participant within a 24‐hour period. Data collection and analysis Within a sample pair, we defined a reference sample and an index sample collected from the same participant within the same clinical encounter (within 24 hours). Where the sample comparison was different anatomical sites, the reference standard was defined as a nasopharyngeal or combined naso/oropharyngeal sample collected into the same sample container and the index sample as the alternative anatomical site. Where the sample comparison was concerned with differences in the sample collection method from the same site, we defined the reference sample as that closest to standard practice for that sample type. Where the sample pair comparison was concerned with differences in personnel collecting the sample, the more skilled or experienced operator was considered the reference sample. Two review authors independently assessed the risk of bias and applicability concerns using the QUADAS‐2 and QUADAS‐C checklists, tailored to this review. We present estimates of the difference in the sensitivity (reference sample (%) minus index sample sensitivity (%)) in a pair and as an average across studies for each index sampling method using forest plots and tables. We examined heterogeneity between studies according to population (age, symptom status) and index sample (time post‐symptom onset, operator expertise, use of transport medium) characteristics. Main results This review includes 106 studies reporting 154 evaluations and 60,523 sample pair comparisons, of which 11,045 had SARS‐CoV‐2 infection....

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Development of a Web Application for the Detection of Coronary Artery Calcium from Computed Tomography

et al. 2022

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Coronary atherosclerosis is the most common form of cardiovascular diseases, which represent the leading global cause of mortality in the adult population. The amount of coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a robust predictor of this disease that can be measured using the medical workstations of computed tomography (CT) equipment or specialized tools included in commercial software for DICOM viewers, which is not available for all operating systems. This manuscript presents a web application that semiautomatically quantifies the amount of coronary artery calcium (CAC) on the basis of the coronary calcium score (CS) using the Agatston technique through digital image processing. To verify the correct functioning of this web application, 30 CTCSs were analyzed by a cardiologist and compared to those of commercial software (OsiriX DICOM Viewer).All the scans were correctly classified according to the cardiovascular event risk group, with an average error in the calculation of CS of 1.9% and a Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.9997, with potential clinical application.

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Surveillance Web System and Mouthwash-Saliva qPCR for Labor Ambulatory SARS-CoV-2 Detection and Prevention

Cited by 4 publications

References 45 publications

Were metabolic and other chronic diseases the driven onset epidemic forces of COVID-19 in Mexico?

Were metabolic and other chronic diseases the driven onset epidemic forces of COVID-19 in Mexico?

The effect of sample site and collection procedure on identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Development of a Web Application for the Detection of Coronary Artery Calcium from Computed Tomography

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