Survey and Monitoring of Chinese Citrus Fly (Bactrocera minax Enderlein) in Sweet Orange Orchards of Sindhuli, Nepal

Abstract

Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein), is one of the most important pests of citrus. The pest is more problematic in the eastern part of the country, Nepal. Because of the difficulties associated with the control of this pest by chemical insecticides, farmers had experienced great losses in Sweet Orange. Therefore, a participatory field survey was conducted under farmer field conditions to assess losses and measure the efficacy of different local and recommended management options to address the problem of this pest. Study consisted of two major parts: monitoring of pest population and farmer’s survey. For monitoring three orchards were selected located at different altitude i.e. 1200 masl, 1300 masl and 1400 masl. Great Fruit fly Bait (25% protein hydrolysate and 0.1% abamectin) in McPhail traps were used for monitoring. Monitoring was done in every 7 days interval and lures were changed in every 15 days for the effectiveness. Only 18.3% farmers were using protein bait for the management of fruit fly. B. minax had peak population intensity at May and was found decreasing after June so the management practices should be adopted before June to prevent the loss by fruit fly. However, for best effective control attention for monitoring and management procedures has to take place throughout the life cycle of the insect.

Adult Emergence and Morphometrics of Chinese Citrus Fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Nepal

“…From the multiple line mean, it can be assumed that adult emergence of Chinese citrus flies have been shifted forward at weekly intervals with increase in altitude. Similar results were observed byGautam et al (2020) where in the early emergence of the Chinese citrus fly has been observed at lower altitude. In the higher altitude, longer pupal stage of Chinese citrus fly was observed byWang and Luo (1995) which support the late adult emergence at higher altitude.…”

Biology and management of Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

“…Improper orchard management measures increased the occurrence of fruit fly, so it was necessary to follow recommended orchard management practices (like regular pruning, optimum manure and fertilization and irrigation etc.) (Gautam, Srivastava, Singh, Karki, Adhikari, & Acharya, 2020). Increased charging of fruit flies in the orchard was observed in case dropped fruit fly infested fruits remained unattended.…”

Opportunity and Challenges of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) Production in Sindhuli and Ramechhap Districts

“…A Preferencial index ranking was carried out (using formula below) to find out important diseases, insects and production issues by assigning scale value of 1-5 based on priorities set by the 122 respondents (Gautam 2018). The survey data were recorded in excel software and later analysed using R software (version R 3.4.1) Preferencial ranking index, I imp = Ʃ (S i ×f i /N) Where, I imp = Index of importance S i = scale value N= No.…”