Survey and technological analysis of laser and its defense applications

Ahmed, Syed Affan; Mohsin, Mujahid; Ali, Syed Muhammad Zubair

doi:10.1016/j.dt.2020.02.012

Cited by 77 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The near- and mid-infrared emission bands of the Sr RE Ga 3 O 7 melilites make them potential candidates for the development of infrared solid state lasers and compact sources for dentistry, surgery, remote sensing, environment, and security and defense, − which should motivate further spectroscopic study of these materials in the 2–5 μm range, for example using low temperature conditions and/or time-resolved spectroscopy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of A-Site Cation Order in the Small Rare-Earth Melilites SrREGa₃O₇ (RE = Dy–Lu, Y)

et al. 2021

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SrREGa3O7 melilite ceramics with large rare-earth elements (RE = La to Y) are famous materials especially known for their luminescence properties. Using an innovative approach, the full and congruent crystallization from glass process, SrREGa3O7 transparent polycrystalline ceramics with small rare earth elements (RE = Dy-Lu and Y) have been successfully synthesized and characterized. Interestingly, compared to the classic tetragonal (P-421m) melilite structure composed of mixed Sr/RE cationic sites, these compositions can crystallize in a 3 x 1 x 1 orthorhombic (P21212) superstructure. A detailed study of the superstructure, investigated by different techniques (synchrotron and neutron powder diffraction, STEM-HAADF imaging and EDS mapping), highlights the existence of a Sr/RE cation ordering favored by a large Sr/RE size mismatch and a sufficiently small RE cation. An appropriate control of the synthesis conditions through glass crystallization enables the formation of the desired polymorphs, either ordered or disordered. The influence of this tailored cationic ordering/disordering on the RE luminescent spectroscopic properties have been investigated. A stronger structuration of the RE emission band is observed in the ordered ceramic compared to the disordered ceramic and the glass, whose band shapes are very similar, indicating that the RE environment in the glass and disordered ceramic are close.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of A-Site Cation Order in the Small Rare-Earth Melilites SrREGa₃O₇ (RE = Dy–Lu, Y)

et al. 2021

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“…One of the advantages of using lasers in these systems is the transmission at the speed of light, which allows laser-dependent weapons to be engaged immediately after target detection. Besides, the DE of the laser provides less collateral damage and can operate in secret 3 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, the DE of the laser provides less collateral damage and can operate in secret. 3 Table 1 shows some of the ongoing military laser projects. Kaushal and Kaddom 8 scrutinized the use of lasers in military tactical operations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of structures and technologies of various types of photodetectors used in laser warning systems: a review

Mohammadnejad,

Aasi

2023

Opt. Eng.

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With the advancement of laser technology in recent decades, this device has been used in a wide range of applications, such as medical sciences, military, industry, holography, spectroscopy, and astronomy. In past years, military operations for better communication depended on radiofrequency. Vulnerability to security threats and exposure to electromagnetic interference were the main problems of this electromagnetic spectrum region. Therefore, attention was drawn to the visible and infrared (IR) regions. This spectrum provided a secure transfer of the data. The probability of intercepting a laser signal is very low due to the divergence of the narrow beam and the coherence of its optical beam. Hence, it has made this device a good candidate for secure military operations. As a result, the laser based-devices and laser-guided weapons (LGW), such as laser target designator and beam riders, have become an undeniable tool on battlefields. Reduction of the vulnerability to the LGW threats by providing laser detection, angle of arrival, wavelength discrimination, and temporal characterization is the main intention of the laser warning system (LWS). This system consists of three major subsystems. The optical subsystem will consist of spectral filters, focusing lenses, and the detection one, which is made of a few detectors in a unique array's configuration [especially IR photodetector (IRPD)], and the processing subsystem. In the last decades, with the progress made in nanofabrication and nanotechnology, consequential research has been done to enhance the performance of IRPDs, such as increasing the production yield, making it simple in the fabrication processes, lowering the fabrication cost, and increasing the operating temperature. This review paper gives a particular concentration to the photodetectors used in the detection subsystem of LWSs. In addition, some nanostructures have been surveyed to enhance the optical coupling and light-matter interaction of IRPD. Also, all studied structures are compared in a table. Finally, the detection subsystem we simulated and built at the Nanoptronics Research Center will be analyzed.

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“…We are developing a hybrid waveguide/ fiber laser architecture that is channel scalable, can be configured to operate in a range of laser pulse/ spectral regimes, and is readily manufacturable. In this work we are concentrating on the emerging 2 µm infrared band which has applications in directed energy, fiber and free-space communications, and gravitational wave detection [1][2][3][4]. However the architecture presented here is also suitable for chip waveguides doped with Yb 3+ (~1 µm) and Er 3+ (1.55 µm) [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-wavelength hybrid waveguide-fiber cavity 2.1 µm laser

Lancaster¹,

Otten²,

Hwang³

et al. 2023

Solid State Lasers XXXII: Technology and Devices

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We present a readily configurable and scalable 2 µm multi-channel laser source that integrates a waveguide chip laser with an all-fiber cavity. We report here the first experimental realization and characterization of a two-channel holmium-doped zirconium fluoride glass waveguide array laser pumped by a single 1945 nm thulium fiber laser. Specific laser wavelengths are selected by fiber Bragg grating output couplers (2076.7 nm; 2074.4 nm), and single channel powers of >100 mW with slope efficiencies of up to 16 % are achieved. Design, assembly details, performance, channel scaling potential, and considerations for future work are proposed.

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Survey and technological analysis of laser and its defense applications

Cited by 77 publications

References 9 publications

Emergence of A-Site Cation Order in the Small Rare-Earth Melilites SrREGa₃O₇ (RE = Dy–Lu, Y)

Emergence of A-Site Cation Order in the Small Rare-Earth Melilites SrREGa₃O₇ (RE = Dy–Lu, Y)

Analysis of structures and technologies of various types of photodetectors used in laser warning systems: a review

A multi-wavelength hybrid waveguide-fiber cavity 2.1 µm laser

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Survey and technological analysis of laser and its defense applications

Cited by 77 publications

References 9 publications

Emergence of A-Site Cation Order in the Small Rare-Earth Melilites SrREGa3O7 (RE = Dy–Lu, Y)

Emergence of A-Site Cation Order in the Small Rare-Earth Melilites SrREGa3O7 (RE = Dy–Lu, Y)

Analysis of structures and technologies of various types of photodetectors used in laser warning systems: a review

A multi-wavelength hybrid waveguide-fiber cavity 2.1 µm laser

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Emergence of A-Site Cation Order in the Small Rare-Earth Melilites SrREGa₃O₇ (RE = Dy–Lu, Y)

Emergence of A-Site Cation Order in the Small Rare-Earth Melilites SrREGa₃O₇ (RE = Dy–Lu, Y)