Survey for Cadmium, Cobalt, Chromium, Copper, Nickel, Lead, Zinc, Calcium, and Magnesium in Canadian Drinking Water Supplies

Méranger, J. C.; Subramanian, K. S.; Chalifoux, Chantal

doi:10.1093/jaoac/64.1.44

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…In a study on contamination of tap water by lead solders, Wong and Berrang (1976) concluded that the first 2L of water from cold water taps should not be used for human consumption if the water has been stagnant for a day. In Canadian studies, in which the cold water tap of homes was flushed for 5 minutes, no levels of trace metals exceeded their respective Canadian drinking water guidelines ( Méranger et al, 1981 ; Singh and Mavinic, 1991 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Risk Assessment of Exposure to Lead in Tap Water among Residents of Seri Kembangan, Selangor state, Malaysia

Lim

Shaharuddin

Sam³

2012

GJHS

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Introduction:A cross sectional study was conducted to estimate risk of exposure to lead via tap water ingestion pathway for the population of Seri Kembangan (SK).Methodology:By using purposive sampling method, 100 respondents who fulfilled the inclusive criteria were selected from different housing areas of SK based on geographical population distribution. Residents with filtration systems installed were excluded from the study. Questionnaires were administered to determine water consumption-related information and demographics. Two water samples (first-flushed and fully-flushed samples) were collected from kitchen tap of each household using HDPE bottles. A total of 200 water samples were collected and lead concentrations were determined using a Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (GFAAS).Results:Mean lead concentration in first-flushed samples was 3.041± SD 6.967µg/L and 1.064± SD 1.103µg/L for fully-flushed samples. Of the first-flushed samples, four (4) had exceeded the National Drinking Water Quality Standard (NDWQS) lead limit value of 10µg/L while none of the fully-flushed samples had lead concentration exceeded the limit. There was a significant difference between first-flushed samples and fully-flushed samples and flushing had elicited a significant change in lead concentration in the water (Z = -5.880, p<0.05). It was also found that lead concentration in both first-flushed and fully flushed samples was not significantly different across nine (9) areas of Seri Kembangan (p>0.05). Serdang Jaya was found to have the highest lead concentration in first-flushed water (mean= 10.44± SD 17.83µg/L) while Taman Universiti Indah had the highest lead concentration in fully-flushed water (mean=1.45± SD 1.83µg/L). Exposure assessment found that the mean chronic daily intake (CDI) was 0.028± SD 0.034µgday-1kg-1. None of the hazard quotient (HQ) value was found to be greater than 1.Conclusion:The overall quality of water supply in SK was satisfactory because most of the parameters tested in this study were within the range of permissible limit and only a few samples had exceeded the standard values for lead and pH. Non-carcinogenic risk attributed to ingestion of lead in SK tap water was found to be negligible.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Risk Assessment of Exposure to Lead in Tap Water among Residents of Seri Kembangan, Selangor state, Malaysia

Lim

Shaharuddin

Sam³

2012

GJHS

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“…Tap water that is used for drinking purposes generally contains nickel at concentrations ranging from 0.55 to 25 µg/L in the United States (FDA 2000;O'Rourke et al 1999; In a national survey of raw, treated, and distributed water from 71 municipalities across Canada, the median nickel concentration in both treated and distributed provincial drinking water were ≤0.6-1.3 µg/L for treated water and 1.8 µg/L for distributed water (Meranger et al 1981). The maximum value was 72.4 µg/L from Sudbury, Ontario.…”

Section: Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and corrosion resistance of titanium oxide layers produced on NiTi alloy in low-temperature plasma

Kamiński

Witkowska

Płociński

et al. 2018

International Journal of Materials Research

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The paper presents comparative results of NiTi corrosion resistance tests of the alloy in initial state and after oxidizing and oxynitriding in low temperature plasma. These processes allow obtaining TiO2 or composite TiO2 + TiN layers with a titanium nitride (TiN) interlayer. Corrosion resistance tests of diffusion layers produced on NiTi were carried out via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the potentiodynamic method in Ringer's solution at 37 °C. The results were complemented with analysis of the alloy's structure, surface topography, and elemental distribution in the layers. The results showed an increase in corrosion resistance of NiTi alloy both after glow-discharge oxidation and oxynitriding. Significant shortening of the passive range of oxynitrided layers may result both from differences in surface topography and the thickness of the oxide layers.

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“…Metal concentrations applied in this study are representative of those found in industry‐impacted environments. Micromolar concentrations of Ni, Cd and other toxic metals occur in contaminated surface waters (Wong et al ., 1999) and drinking water (Meranger et al ., 1981), whereas millimolar concentrations are found in contaminated soils, sediments and municipal wastewater treatment sludge (Webber and Shamess, 1987; Rowe et al ., 2002). Thus, it is likely that the enrichment in antibiotic‐resistant microorganisms observed in the metal‐amended microcosms reflects the indirect selection for antibiotic resistance taking place in environments contaminated with metals from anthropogenic sources.…”

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confidence: 99%

Coselection for microbial resistance to metals and antibiotics in freshwater microcosms

Stepanauskas

Glenn

Jagoe

et al. 2006

Environmental Microbiology

262

138

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Bacterial resistances to diverse metals and antibiotics are often genetically linked, suggesting that exposure to toxic metals may select for strains resistant to antibiotics and vice versa. To test the hypothesis that resistances to metals and antibiotics are coselected for in environmental microbial assemblages, we investigated the frequency of diverse resistances in freshwater microcosms amended with Cd, Ni, ampicillin or tetracycline. We found that all four toxicants significantly increased the frequency of bacterioplankton resistance to multiple, chemically unrelated metals and antibiotics. An ampicillin-resistant strain of the opportunistic human pathogen Ralstonia mannitolilytica was enriched in microcosms amended with Cd. Frequencies of antibiotic resistance were elevated in microcosms with metal concentrations representative of industry and mining-impacted environments (0.01-1 mM). Metal but not antibiotic amendments decreased microbial diversity, and a weeklong exposure to high concentrations of ampicillin (0.01-10 mg l-1) and tetracycline (0.03-30 mg l-1) decreased microbial abundance only slightly, implying a large reservoir of antibiotic resistance in the studied environment. Our results provide first experimental evidence that the exposure of freshwater environments to individual metals and antibiotics selects for multiresistant microorganisms, including opportunistic human pathogens.

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Survey for Cadmium, Cobalt, Chromium, Copper, Nickel, Lead, Zinc, Calcium, and Magnesium in Canadian Drinking Water Supplies

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Risk Assessment of Exposure to Lead in Tap Water among Residents of Seri Kembangan, Selangor state, Malaysia

Risk Assessment of Exposure to Lead in Tap Water among Residents of Seri Kembangan, Selangor state, Malaysia

Structure and corrosion resistance of titanium oxide layers produced on NiTi alloy in low-temperature plasma

Coselection for microbial resistance to metals and antibiotics in freshwater microcosms

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