Survey in Vanuatu on enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in children and infants with and without acute diarrhea

Germani, Y; Montaville, B; C, Fauran; Brethes, B

doi:10.1128/jcm.21.4.630-633.1985

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Estimates of ETEC disease incidence are further complicated by a number of other pathogen-specific factors. The frequency of asymptomatic infection ranges from 0% to 22% [22, 25, 30–36, 40–42, 44, 47, 69–84], and as many as 40% of ill persons with ETEC have other pathogens in their stools, making it difficult to know which pathogen caused the illness [40]. Furthermore, multiple case-control studies have shown that cases are no more likely to have LT-ETEC than controls; therefore, LT-ETEC is thought to less commonly cause ETEC disease or severe ETEC disease than ST-ETEC or LT/ST-ETEC [48, 60].…”

Section: Data Gaps and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Part III. Analysis of data gaps pertaining to enterotoxigenicEscherichia coliinfections in low and medium human development index countries, 1984–2005

et al. 2007

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SUMMARYEnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a common cause of profuse watery diarrhoea in the developing world, often leading to severe dehydration or death. We found only 15 populationbased studies in low and medium human development index (HDI) countries from 1984 to 2005 that evaluate disease incidence. Reported incidence ranged from 39 to 4460 infections/1000 persons per year. The peak incidence of ETEC appeared to occur between ages 6 and 18 months. A median of 14 % (range 2-36 %) of diarrhoeal specimens were positive for ETEC in 19 facilityand population-based studies conducted in all age groups and 13 % (range 3-39 %) in 51 studies conducted in children only. Heat-labile toxin (LT)-ETEC is thought to be less likely to cause disease than heat-stable toxin (ST)-ETEC or LT/ST-ETEC. Because population-based studies involve enhanced clinical management of patients and facility-based studies include only the most severe illnesses, reliable data on complications and mortality from ETEC infections was unavailable. To reduce gaps in the current understanding of ETEC incidence, complications and mortality, large population-based studies combined with facility-based studies covering a majority of the corresponding population are needed, especially in low-HDI countries. Moreover, a standard molecular definition of ETEC infection is needed to be able to compare results across study sites.

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Section: Data Gaps and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Part III. Analysis of data gaps pertaining to enterotoxigenicEscherichia coliinfections in low and medium human development index countries, 1984–2005

et al. 2007

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“…Four of the 35 LT strains only produced small amounts of LT and gave positive results only with the Y1 cell bioassay and the antibody neutralization test. All E. coli strains with reported enterotoxigenicity were isolated in the South Pacific from children with acute diarrhea and represented different 0 serogroups (20,21). In addition, five well-known ETEC strains, H10407 (078:H11, LT/ST), H10407P (078:H11, LT), PB176 (06:H16, ST/LT), E8775A (025:H42, LT/ST), and E11940 (0128:H42, LT), kindly provided by B. Rowe (Public Health Laboratory Service, London, England) were studied.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

GM1 erythroimmunoassay for detection and titration of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin

Germani¹,

Begaud²,

Guesdon³

et al. 1986

J Clin Microbiol

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A GM1 ganglioside erythroimmunoassay for the detection of heat-labile Escherichia coli enterotoxin (LT) was developed for use in poorly equipped laboratories in developing countries. This assay is based on the immunological similarity between Vibrio cholerae toxin and LT and uses cholera toxin antiserum and sheep anti-rabbit immunoglobulin covalently coupled to sheep erythrocytes as conjugate. This assay has the following advantages over other currently available techniques: the reagents it uses are stable, in particular, tanned and sensitized sheep erythrocytes; GM1 ganglioside is commercially available; erythro-adsorption can be read with the naked eye; the test can be completed in 1 day; and as little as 4 ng of V. cholerae toxin or LT per ml can be detected accurately. The GM1 ganglioside erythroimmunoassay showed good quantitative and qualitative correlation with the Vero cell assay and the conventional GM1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The GM1 ganglioside erythroimmunoassay was somewhat less sensitive than the GM1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay but more sensitive than the Vero cell assay. Results obtained for 12 LT-positive and 138 LT-negative E. coli strains correlated with results obtained with GM1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent and Vero cell assays.

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“…(Med J Aust 1990; 152: [17][18][19] T he maintenance of nutritional support is a common problem in any large hospital. If prolonged support is needed in patients with normal gastric and small-bowel function but in whom normal feeding is impossible, nasogastric tubes or surgical gastrostomy usually have been required.…”

Section: Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy: a Two-year Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

Public‐health epidemiology in Vanuatu

Bastien

1990

Medical Journal of Australia

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Vanuatu, which formerly was known as the New Hebrides, is an archipelago in the southwest Pacific Ocean with a tropical humid climate. The national health system and the state of health of the population generally are satisfactory. The main diseases of public‐health importance are malaria and tuberculosis. Their epidemiology and control are discussed. An epidemic of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, which commenced in 1980, is described; this possibly can be explained by an increase in chloroquine‐resistant P. falciparum over the same period. Other diseases also are reviewed. Many tropical diseases of great significance elsewhere are not of much significance in Vanuatu. Medical advice for visiting travellers is provided.

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Survey in Vanuatu on enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in children and infants with and without acute diarrhea

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Part III. Analysis of data gaps pertaining to enterotoxigenicEscherichia coliinfections in low and medium human development index countries, 1984–2005

Part III. Analysis of data gaps pertaining to enterotoxigenicEscherichia coliinfections in low and medium human development index countries, 1984–2005

GM1 erythroimmunoassay for detection and titration of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin

Public‐health epidemiology in Vanuatu

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