Survey of Antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. in Gray and Red Fox Populations From North Carolina and Virginia

Rosypal, Alexa C.; Tripp, Shanesha; Lewis, S. F.; Joy, Francis; Stoskopf, Michael K.; Larsen, Reinhard; Lindsay, David S.

doi:10.1645/ge-2600.1

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Previous bobcat testing in Texas included 2 bobcats, one of which was seropositive ( Burkholder et al., 1980 ). Although T. cruzi antibodies have been documented in foxes from other states ( Rosypal et al., 2007; 2010 ), we are not aware of previous testing in foxes in Texas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Further, we aimed to study the relationships among parasite infection in blood, infection in different areas of the heart, and the manifestation of cardiac pathology. Each of these species has previously been shown to be exposed to or infected with T. cruzi ( Burkholder et al., 1980 , Brown et al., 2010 , Kribs-Zaleta, 2010 , Rosypal et al., 2010 , Charles et al., 2013 ). Central Texas is a region where at least four species of infected triatomine species occur ( Kjos et al., 2009 , Curtis-Robles et al., 2015 ) and where human and canine Chagas disease have been diagnosed ( Texas Department of State Health Services, 2015a , Texas Department of State Health Services, 2015b Tenney et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Trypanosoma cruzi infection prevalence associated with minimal cardiac pathology among wild carnivores in central Texas

Curtis‐Robles¹,

Lewis²,

Hamer³

2016

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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Infection with the zoonotic vector-borne protozoal parasite Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease in humans and dogs throughout the Americas. Despite the recognized importance of various wildlife species for perpetuating Trypanosoma cruzi in nature, relatively little is known about the development of cardiac disease in infected wildlife. Using a cross-sectional study design, we collected cardiac tissue and blood from hunter-donated wildlife carcasses- including raccoon (Procyon lotor), coyote (Canis latrans), gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), and bobcat (Lynx rufus) – from central Texas, a region with established populations of infected triatomine vectors and increasing diagnoses of Chagas disease in domestic dogs. Based on PCR analysis, we found that 2 bobcats (14.3%), 12 coyotes (14.3%), 8 foxes (13.8%), and 49 raccoons (70.0%) were positive for T. cruzi in at least one sample (right ventricle, apex, and/or blood clot). Although a histologic survey of right ventricles showed that 21.1% of 19 PCR-positive hearts were characterized by mild lymphoplasmocytic infiltration, no other lesions and no amastigotes were observed in any histologic section. DNA sequencing of the TcSC5D gene revealed that raccoons were infected with T. cruzi strain TcIV, and a single racoon harbored a TcI/TcIV mixed infection. Relative to other wildlife species tested here, our data suggest that raccoons may be important reservoirs of TcIV in Texas and a source of infection for indigenous triatomine bugs. The overall high level of infection in this wildlife community likely reflects high levels of vector contact, including ingestion of bugs. Although the relationship between the sylvatic cycle of T. cruzi transmission and human disease risk in the United States has yet to be defined, our data suggest that hunters and wildlife professionals should take precautions to avoid direct contact with potentially infected wildlife tissues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Trypanosoma cruzi infection prevalence associated with minimal cardiac pathology among wild carnivores in central Texas

Curtis‐Robles¹,

Lewis²,

Hamer³

2016

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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“…Antibodies against Leishmania spp. were found in one gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) from the United States, out of 49 sampled (Rosypal et al 2010). In Brazil, Leishmania sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Leishmania infantum infection by Polymerase Chain Reaction in wild mammals

et al. 2014

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Pesq. Vet. Bras. 34(12):1243-1246, dezembro 2014 1243 RESUMO.-[Diagnóstico de infecção por Leishmania infantum pela reação em cadeia da polimerase em mamíferos silvestres.] A leishmaniose visceral é uma doença infecciosa crônica de mamíferos causada, no Brasil, pelo protozoário Leishmania infantum (sinonímia: Leishmania chagasi) e transmitida pelo flebótomo Lutzomyia longipalpis. Trata-se de uma zoonose endêmica em muitas regiões do Brasil, inclusive em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Em centros urbanos, leishmaniose visceral acomete principalmente o cão doméstico. Entretanto, L. infantum já foi diagnosticada em outras espécies, incluindo canídeos e primatas de cativeiro em zoológicos. Este estudo buscou avaliar a presença do DNA deste agente em animais de cativeiro e de vida livre da Fundação Zoobotânica de Belo Horizonte através da reação em cadeia da polimerase. Foram analisadas oitenta e uma amostras de sangue oriundas de primatas, carnívoros, ruminantes, edentatos, marsupial e herbívoro de estômago simples. Três primatas Alouatta guariba (bugio marrom) e dois canídeos Speothos venaticus (cachorro--do-mato-vinagre), foram positivos, demonstrando a importância do controle da leishmaniose em áreas endêmicas com a finalidade de conservar a fauna silvestre mantida em cativeiro.

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“…Additional species were analysed in other surveys or in some of the previous studies in which the authors could not characterise the parasite at the species level (Supplementary Materials File S4) [44,91,[111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118]. Indirect evidence of Leishmania spp.…”

Section: Infantum In the Americasmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review (1990–2021) of Wild Animals Infected with Zoonotic Leishmania

2021

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Leishmaniasis are neglected diseases caused by several species of Leishmania that affect humans and many domestic and wild animals with a worldwide distribution. The objectives of this review are to identify wild animals naturally infected with zoonotic Leishmania species as well as the organs infected, methods employed for detection and percentage of infection. A literature search starting from 1990 was performed following the PRISMA methodology and 161 reports were included. One hundred and eighty-nine species from ten orders (i.e., Carnivora, Chiroptera, Cingulata, Didelphimorphia, Diprotodontia, Lagomorpha, Eulipotyphla, Pilosa, Primates and Rodentia) were reported to be infected, and a few animals were classified only at the genus level. An exhaustive list of species; diagnostic techniques, including PCR targets; infected organs; number of animals explored and percentage of positives are presented. L. infantum infection was described in 98 wild species and L. (Viania) spp. in 52 wild animals, while L. mexicana, L. amazonensis, L. major and L. tropica were described in fewer than 32 animals each. During the last decade, intense research revealed new hosts within Chiroptera and Lagomorpha. Carnivores and rodents were the most relevant hosts for L. infantum and L. (Viannia) spp., with some species showing lesions, although in most of the studies clinical signs were not reported.

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Survey of Antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. in Gray and Red Fox Populations From North Carolina and Virginia

Cited by 23 publications

References 12 publications

High Trypanosoma cruzi infection prevalence associated with minimal cardiac pathology among wild carnivores in central Texas

High Trypanosoma cruzi infection prevalence associated with minimal cardiac pathology among wild carnivores in central Texas

Diagnosis of Leishmania infantum infection by Polymerase Chain Reaction in wild mammals

A Systematic Review (1990–2021) of Wild Animals Infected with Zoonotic Leishmania

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